论中国古代契约中“沽酒”条款的功用  

On the Functions of"Gtijiu"Provisions in Chinese Ancient Contract

作　　者：武航宇[1,2] Wu Hangyu

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学法学院 [2]吉林大学古籍研究所

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（法理学、法史学）》2018年第3期71-79,共9页JURISPRUDENCE AND HISTORY OF LAW

基　　金：2015年度国家社会科学基金规划项目"古代中国契约法观念与技术研究"(15BFX025);2015年度中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目"汉代契约类文书的整理与研究"(2015M571352)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：夏商时期,酒是缔结夭人之契的必要介质,其在使缔约仪式具有象征意义的同时,兼具权威性。周时,约和盟的缔结凭借酒的仪式性功用,使其在人间契约的缔结中也成了必备品。秦汉时期,国家公权力对契约管理不甚全面,沽酒条款的功用是证明契约的有效性,从而保障了契约的顺利履行。从唐宋时期开始,国家公权力开始加强对契约的管理,沽酒条款从现世契约中消失,转而适用于“女地券”——这种公权力没有触及的虚拟买阴宅契约中,但是“沽酒”作为民事习惯还存在于人间缔结现世契约的仪式上,协助国家公权力证明契约的效力。经过纵向的比较研究发现,沽酒条款的演化过程也是契约神化因素退却,而人文化、制度化加强的过程。During the Xia,Shang Dynasty,alcohol is the necessary medium for agreement between heaven and men,and the ceremony of"Gujiu"has the authority as well as the symbolic significance.Alcohol,as the sacrificial necessity,continued to play an important role in the connection of the"Yue"and the"Meng",and then became the necessity in the conclusion of the human contract.When the contract that managed by the national public power was not comprehensive in the Qin and Han Dynasties,the clause of"Gujiu"ensured the smooth implementation of the contract.When the national public power began to strengthen the contract management from Tang and Song Dynasties,the clause of"Gujiu"started to exist in title deed.This kind of public power had not involved in the contract document,but still existed in the human contract ceremony as the civil custom.After a longitudinal comparative study,we cound find that the evolutionary process of the"Gujiu"clause represented the process of the backward of the contract deification factors and of strengthening human culture and institutionalization factors.

关 键 词：契约缔结 沽酒 权威性 仪式性功用 公示性功用 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]