影响我国高水平游泳运动员自由泳转身效果的因素分析  

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Flip Turn Effect of Chinese Freestyle Swimmers

作　　者：李美慧 刘卉[1] 高捷[1] LI Meihui;LIU Hui;GAO Jie(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2019年第9期29-33,共5页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：目的:通过对我国18名高水平游泳运动员自由泳转身动作技术的数据分析,找出影响自由泳转身效果的因素。方法:通过水下二维拍摄,获得运动员自由泳转身动作的运动学数据,通过测力台获得运动员下蹲纵跳(CMJ)数据,以转身10 m的时间作为评价转身效果的指标,应用皮尔森相关分析方法,对转身技术数据和纵跳数据进行相关分析。结果:1)我国高水平女子运动员转身10 m时间与游进5 m时间(r=0.749,P=0.013)、前滚翻阶段时间(r=0.649,P=0.042)、游进阶段时间(r=0.834,P=0.003)呈显著正相关,与最后一次划臂结束时速度(r=-0.0639,P=0.047)呈显著负相关;2)我国高水平男子游泳运动员转身10 m时间与游进5 m时间(r=0.778,P=0.023)呈显著相关,与头距池壁5 m时速度(r=-0.739,P=0.036)呈显著负相关,翻滚距离会在一定程度上影响蹬离池壁时的速度,显著影响女子运动员滑行结束时的速度(r=0.699,P=0.025);3)我国高水平游泳运动员下肢爆发力与蹬离池壁的时间和速度等指标的相关关系均不显著。结论:1)我国高水平女子运动员自由泳转身速度主要取决于游进阶段和转身翻滚动作的时间,以及最后一次划臂结束时的速度;2)我国高水平男子游泳运动员自由泳转身速度主要取决于游进阶段加翻滚阶段的时间,以及转身前的游速;3)游泳运动员下肢爆发力或弹跳能力并不影响自由泳转身蹬离池壁的速度和滑行的时间。Objective:To analyze the factors affecting the flip turn effect of 18 high-level swimmers which find out the factors affecting the flip turn and hope to provide a basis for the scientific training of high-level swimmers.Methods:Through the underwater two-dimensional shooting,the kinematics data of the athlete's flip turn movement was obtained,and the data of athletes’counter-movement jump(CMJ)was obtained through the force measuring platform.The time of turning 10 m was used as the index to evaluate the turning effect,and the Pearson correlation analysis was applied to analyze the rolling technical data and the vertical jump data.Results:Chinese high-level female athletes turning 10 meters time and 5 meters time(r=0.749,P=0.013),forward rolling time(r=0.649,P=0.042),and swimming into the wall phase(r=0.834,P=0.003)showed a significant positive correlation,which was significantly negatively correlated with the speed of the last stroke(r=-0.0639,P=0.047);the high-level Chinese male swimmer’s turning 10 meters and swim into the wall 5 meters(r=0.778,P=0.023)was significantly correlated,then it had a significant negative correlation with the speed of the head from the wall of 5 meters(r=-0.739,P=0.036).The rolling distance will affect the speed of the push-off the wall to some extent.It significantly affect the speed of female athletes at the end of gliding speed(r=0.699,P=0.025),the correlation between the explosive force of lower limbs and the time and speed of the high-level swimmers is not significant.Conclusion:The speed of the freestyle swimming of high-level women athletes mainly depends on the time of the swimming into the wall,the rolling and the speed of the last stroke.The speed of the flip turn of the high-level male swimmers mainly depends on the time of swimming into the wall phase plus the rolling phase and the speed of the swimming before turning.The ability of the swimmers'explosive force of the lower limbs or bounce strength does not affect the push-off speed and the gliding time.

关 键 词：游泳 自由泳转身 转身技术 生物力学分析 

分 类 号：G861.1[文化科学—体育训练]