法律释义司法应用的实证研究  

An Empirical Study on the Use of Justice in Legislative Comments

作　　者：许聪 Xu Cong

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,长春130012

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（法理学、法史学）》2018年第6期55-68,共14页JURISPRUDENCE AND HISTORY OF LAW

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"合宪性控制的理论与实践研究"(16JJD820006);吉林大学法学院2016年“司法大数据与实证研究”项目;吉林大学廉政建设专项研究课题一般项目“《监督法》的实施与中国特色的监督制度的实效化研究”。

摘　　要：以法工委为编写主体的法律释义在我国的司法应用中具有特殊地位。通过对我国人民法院332份涉及援引法律释义的裁判文书的梳理发现:法院对法律释义的司法功能尚未形成统一的认识。法工委的设立和职责兼具特殊性,法律释义通过对法律概念内涵外延、特征、功能作用的阐述,对法律条文的解释,对实践中具体情形的说明,对法律适用主体的明确,对处罚情形的考量,从立法精神进行解释,对立法规定的理由等立法背景资料的介绍说明等方式对司法实践产生间接性影响。法律释义对当事人和法院仍具有现实功能。法工委编写的法律释义在司法应用中遇冷的现实,与法工委的立法权威性地位存在偏差,但法律释义仍有存在的必要。学者应在编写法律釋义过程中发挥自身优势,立法过程应始终坚持公开原则,以改善目前法工委编写的法律释义在司法应用中的困境。The use of legislative comments which is made by the NPC Legal Standing Committee has a special place in the process of adjudication.Based on 332 Judgment Documents decided by Chinese Courts,it is proved that yet the courts have not explained clearly the proper role of legislative comments.The organization and the functions of the NPC Legal Standing Committee are special.Legislative comments have an indirect effect on judicial practice through describing the concept of law,the characteristic of law and the function of law;interpreting the clause of law;explaining the situations;defining the applicable subject;considering the specific penalty plots;explaining from the purpose of law;introducing the legislative background.Legislative comments are useful for clients and courts in practice.The fact that legislative comments aren't widely used is incompatible with the status prescribed by the NPC Legal Standing Committee.But legislative comments are still necessary.Scholars should make good use of their advantages to compile legislative comments.The process of law shall increase the transparency of legislation to make a breakthrough.

关 键 词：法律释义 法工委 立法公开 实证研究 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]