栽培密度对高产大豆根系生长及花荚形成的影响  

Effects of different densities on root growth and pod formation of high-yield soybean

作　　者：赵占营 楚光红 李思忠 章建新[1] ZHAO Zhan-ying;CHU Guang-hong;LI Si-zhong;ZHANG Jian-xin(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2019年第5期62-69,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660367、31460333)

摘　　要：为探明栽培密度对高产大豆根系生长和花荚形成的影响规律,田间试验设置21.0(D 1)、30.0(D 2)、48.0(D 3)×10^4株·hm^-23种栽培密度,研究了新大豆27号、新大豆8号在0~60 cm土层中根系生长、开花、结荚过程及产量的变化。结果表明,相对于D1,D2、D3密度下新大豆27号总根干重增加了23.68%、18.48%,总根长增加了9.33%、26.72%,新大豆8号总根干重增加了27.25%、19.71%,总根长增加了6.94%、30.80%,且增量以40~60 cm为主;增加至密度D 3时,新大豆27号开花和结荚高峰出现时间较D 1分别推迟了2、8 d,新大豆8号推迟了2、6 d,但二者单位面积的总花数、总荚数、总腔数和总粒数分别较D 1提高了51.92%、10.29%、7.66%、23.05%和49.47%、31.91%、35.40%、16.11%;总花数与始荚期根干重、根长度呈正相关关系,新大豆27号R^2值分别为0.8477*、0.9106*,新大豆8号R^2值分别为0.7531、0.9993**;总腔数与始粒期根干重、根长度呈正相关关系,新大豆27号R^2值分别为0.6954、0.9837**,新大豆8号R^2值分别为0.7902*、0.9277*;且根长度与总花数、总腔数的关系比根干重更密切。合理密植显著提高大豆籽粒产量,是密植促进了大豆根系生长,增加了单位面积总根长和深层根量,进而增加了单位面积花数、荚数、腔数和粒数的结果。In order to prove the rules planting density on the root growth and the formation of flower and pod of high-yield soybean,field experiments were conducted at three different densities,i.e.,21.0×10^4 plants·hm^-2(D 1),30.0×10^4 plants·hm^-2(D2)and 48.0×10^4 plants·hm^-2(D3),to study the vertical distribution of root in 0~60 cm soil layer,process of blooming and podding,and yield for Xindadou 27 and Xindadou 8.The results showed that the total root dry weight of Xindadou 27 with density of D2 and D3 was increased by 23.68%and 18.48%respectively compared that with density of D 1,the total root dry weight of Xindadou 8 with density of D2 and D3 was increased by 27.25%and 19.71%,respectively,compared that with density of D 1,and the total root lenght was increased by 6.94%anD30.80%,respectively,with the increment being mainly 40~60 cm.When the density increased to D3,the occurrence time of flowering and pod setting peak of Xindadou 27 and Xindadou 8 were 2,8,anD2,6 days,respectively,but the total flower number,total pod number,total cavity number and total grain number per unit area were increased 51.92%,10.29%,7.66%,23.05%and 49.47%,31.91%,35.40%and 16.11%,respectively,compared with D 1.The total number of flowers were positively correlated with both root dry weight and root length at the beginning stage of podding,and in this stage,R^2 values of Xindadou 27 were 0.8477*and 0.9106*,respectively,and R^2 values of Xindadou 8 were 0.7531 and 0.9993**,respectively.The total number of cavities were positively correlated with the root dry weight and root length at the beginning stage of grain generation,and in this stage,R^2 values of Xindadou 27 were 0.6954 and 0.9837**,respectively,and R^2 values of Xindadou 8 were 0.7902*and 0.9277*,respectively,moreover,the relationship of root length with flowers and cavities was closer than that with root dry weight.Therefore,the reasonable close planting significantly increased yield of soybean grains,promoted the root growth of soybean,increased total root length and numbers

关 键 词：高产大豆 栽培密度 根系生长 花荚 产量 

分 类 号：S359[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S52[农业科学—农艺学]