陕西省新老苹果产区果园土壤硝态氮累积特性研究  

Characteristics of nitrate accumulation in soils of new and old apple orchards in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：陈翠霞 刘占军[1,2] 陈竹君[1,2] 周建斌[1,2] CHEN Cui-xia;LIU Zhan-jun;CHEN Zhu-jun;ZHOU Jian-bin(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2019年第5期171-175,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0200106)

摘　　要：以陕西省新、老果区(分别为洛川及礼泉)为研究对象,调查了两县各15个成龄果园的施肥现状,计算了果园氮素表观平衡,并测定了这15个果园的0~200 cm土壤剖面硝态氮含量,分析了树龄、施氮量与土壤剖面硝态氮累积量的关系。结果表明:新、老果区苹果园均过量施用氮肥,平均施氮量分别高达1287±244 kg·hm^-2(洛川)和1193±300 kg·hm^-2(礼泉),导致土壤中盈余了大量的氮素。新、老果区土壤0~200 cm硝态氮累积量分别达2724 kg·hm^-2和5226 kg·hm^-2,老果区土壤剖面硝态氮累积量显著高于新果区。相关分析表明,果园土壤剖面累积的硝态氮与树龄和施氮量呈正相关,与树龄的相关系数为0.641,与洛川、礼泉果园施氮量的相关系数分别为0.402和0.306。因此,建议研究区域采取措施控制果园施氮量,减少果园土壤硝态氮累积带来的资源浪费及环境污染。This study surveyed the fertilizer application of fifteen different apple orchards in Luochuan(new apple producing county)and Liquan(old apple producing county)in Shaanxi province.Samples of soil profile from 15 orchards for each region were collected from the two counties for measuring NO-3-N contents in the 0~200 cm soil profiles;meanwhile,the relationships between orchard age,N application rate,and NO-3-N accumulation were also studied.The results showed that excessive N fertilization was very common in both new and old apple orchards in Shaanxi province.The average N application rates were 1287±244 kg·hm^-2 and 1193±300 kg·hm^-2 for the two counties,respectively.It resulted in high N surplus in the soil profiles.The accumulations of NO-3-N in the 0~200 cm soil profile in apple orchard of Luochuan and Liquan were 2724 kg·hm^-2 and 5226 kg·hm^-2,respectively.Nitrate accumulations in the old orchards were significantly higher than that in new orchards.The NO-3-N accumulation in soil profile was positively correlated with the N application rate and the orchard ages.The correlation coefficient with the orchard age was 0.641,and the correlation coefficients with the N application rate was 0.402 and 0.306 for the Luochuan and Liquan counties,respectively.Therefore,controlling N application rate should be an effect way to reduce soil nitrate accumulation in the apple orchards in the region.As a result,that will reduce the resource waste and minimize the pollution to the environment.

关 键 词：硝态氮累积 苹果园 树龄 施氮量 陕西省新老苹果产区 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S158.3[农业科学—园艺学]