日粮添加玉米粉与油脂对奶牛乳品质及瘤胃细菌菌群变化的影响  

Effects of Corn Meal and Flaxseed Oil Dietary Supplements on Fat Content in Milk and Rumen Microbial Flora of Dairy Cows

作　　者：郭成 吉武龙 李娜[1] 付子琳 张力莉[1] 徐晓锋[1] GUO Cheng;JI Wu-long;LI Na;FU Zi-lin;ZHANG Li-li;XU Xiao-feng(Agriculture College,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2019年第8期939-946,共8页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460619)

摘　　要：【目的】阐释日粮添加玉米粉与油脂诱导奶牛低乳脂情况下,奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群的变化情况。【方法】采用自身对照试验设计,选取4头体况相近、健康的泌乳期中国荷斯坦奶牛。试验开始前先以基础日粮预饲并以自身作对照。试验期奶牛日粮中添加玉米粉1.5 kg·头^-1·d^-1,添加胡麻油150 mL·头^-1·d^-1。预饲期为7 d,试验期为15 d,分析奶牛乳脂率及瘤胃细菌菌群变化情况。【结果】在饲料淀粉营养水平达到27%左右水平上额外添加胡麻油150 mL·头^-1·d^-1,连续添加15 d使奶牛的乳脂率极显著降低(P<0.01),乳糖显著升高(P<0.05),成功诱导奶牛乳脂降低。瘤胃细菌研究表明,在门水平上共检测到29个菌门,与对照组相比,玉米粉和油脂诱导乳脂降低后奶牛瘤胃导软壁菌门丰度显著降低(P<0.05),放线菌门与浮霉菌门丰度极显著增加(P<0.01);螺旋菌门丰度显著增加(P<0.05)。在属水平上检测到389个菌属,其中110个菌属有显著差异(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组奶牛瘤胃乳酸菌杆菌属丰度极显著增加(P<0.01),肠球菌属丰度极显著降低(P<0.01),克里斯滕森菌属显著降低(P<0.05),普雷沃菌属丰度显著增加(P<0.05),毛螺旋菌极显著降低(P<0.01),未注释毛螺旋菌属丰度显著增加,丁酸弧菌属-2(Butyrivibrio-2)丰度显著降低(P<0.05),瘤胃球菌属-1丰度显著提高。【结论】日粮添加玉米粉与油脂诱导奶牛乳脂降低,瘤胃细菌菌群多样性未产生显著影响,但菌群结构及丰度发生了较大改变,产酸菌属与淀粉利用菌属增加显著。【Objective】Changes on the fat content of milk from and rumen microbial flora in dairy cows fed with corn meal and flaxseed oil supplemented forage were studied.【Method】In a self-control experimentation,4 Chinese Holstein cows of similar physical conditions and normal lactation were fed on a daily diet added with 1.5 kg of corn meal and 150 mL per animal of flaxseed oil for 7 pre-trial days followed by 15 days for the test.【Result】In the feed containing approximately 27% starch,the dietary supplements significantly lowered the fat content(P<0.01)with a significantly higher lactose content(P<0.05)in the milk produced by the cows.There were 29 microbial phyla found in the rumen.The flora of Tenericutes significantly decreased(P<0.05),Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes significantly increased(P<0.01),and Spirochaetae significantly increased(P<0.05)over control.Among the 389 genera of microbes in the rumen,110 were significantly different(P<0.05).Comparing to control,Lactobacillus increased significantly(P<0.01),Enterococcus decreased significantly(P<0.01),Christensenellaceae R-7-group decreased significantly(P<0.05),Prevotellaceae-UCG-001 increased significantly(P<0.05),Lachnospiraceae-UCG-006 decreased significantly(P<0.01),Lachnospiraceae-NA increased significantly,Butyrivibrio-2 decreased significantly(P<0.05),and Ruminococcus-1 increased significantly.【Conclusion】Under the experimental conditions,the dietary supplementation of corn meal and flaxseed oil significantly reduced the fat content in milk of the dairy cows.It did not significantly alter the diversity but significantly changed the structure and abundance of the microbial flora in the cow rumen.The acidogenic as well as starch-utilizing bacteria significantly increased.

关 键 词：奶牛 乳脂降低 16S rDNA 高通量测序技术 瘤胃细菌 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]