饲料分解对不同养殖水体生态环境的影响  

Effects of Feed Decomposition on the Ecological Environment of Different Aquaculture Waters

作　　者：宣雄智[1] 李文嘉 李绍钰[2] 魏凤仙[2] 徐彬[2] 王树启[3] 刘金根[1] XUAN Xiongzhi;LI Wenjia;LI Shaoyu;WEI Fengxian;XU Bin;WANG Shuqi;LIU Jingen(Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture,Suzhou 215008,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Marine Biology Institute,Shantou University,Shantou 515063,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州农业职业技术学院,江苏苏州215008 [2]河南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,河南郑州450002 [3]汕头大学海洋生物研究所,广东汕头515063

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2019年第11期163-173,共11页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0500509);广东省海洋生物技术重点实验室开放基金项目(GPKLMB201802);苏州农业职业技术学院特色专业—生态农业技术专业建设工程项目(GSP20190049),苏州农业职业技术学院青年教师科研能力提升计划资助项目(SNQ201801)

摘　　要：为探究饲料残饵对不同养殖水体生态因子的影响,采用水族缸模拟法,研究15 d内未投放饲料残饵的草鱼(C1)、罗非鱼(C2)和乌鳢(C3)养殖水体与投放饲料残饵的草鱼(T1)、罗非鱼(T2)和乌鳢(T3)养殖水体的生态环境变化。结果显示,C1、C2和C3组水体溶解氧含量与pH值均呈显著正相关(P<0.01);试验结束时,C1、C2和C3组浮游植物密度较试验初分别升高43.50%、36.12%和27.57%,多样性指数分别升高5.76%、8.01%和5.63%,水环境稳定。T1、T2和T3组水体可培养细菌数量与溶解氧含量、pH值均呈显著负相关(P<0.01),与总磷、氨氮、硝酸盐含量均呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。试验结束时,T1、T2和T3组浮游植物密度分别是试验初的11.54倍、9.57倍和8.68倍,多样性指数较试验初分别下降18.11%、12.71%和4.35%,T1和T2组微囊藻为优势种群,而T3组针杆藻为优势种群。综上,无饲料残饵时,不同养殖水体浮游植物密度和多样性指数均会上升,水体环境稳定。存在饲料残饵时,不同养殖水体浮游植物密度升高的同时,多样性指数均下降,水体环境趋向富营养化。不同养殖水体水质指标变化的差异与水体微生物密切相关,而浮游植物组成的变化则可能与水体pH值的变化相关。The aquarium simulation method was used to explore the influence of feed residue on the ecological factors of different aquaculture waters.The waters which have cultured the grass carp,tilapia and snakehead without feed residue were named as C1,C2 and C3 group while the waters with feed residue were marked as T1,T2 and T3 group.The experiment lasted 15 days.The results indicated that the dissolved oxygen content was positively correlated with pH value in C1,C2 and C3 group(P<0.01).At the end of the experiment,the densities of phytoplankton and the diversity indexes of C1,C2 and C3 group were increased by 43.50%,36.12%,27.57%and 5.76%,8.01%,5.63%respectively compared with those at the beginning of the experiment,and the water environment tended to be stable.The amount of culturable bacteria of T1,T2 and T3 group was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen content and pH(P<0.01),and positively(P<0.01)correlated with total phosphorus,ammonia nitrogen and nitrate content in the water.At the end of the experiment,the densities of phytoplankton of T1,T2 and T3 group were 11.54 times,9.57 times and 8.68 times as much as those at the beginning of the experiment,and the diversity indexes were decreased by 18.11%,12.71%and 4.35%.Microcystis in T1 and T2 group,while Synedra in T3 group had become the dominant population at the end of the experiment.The increased tendency of the densities and diversity indexes of phytoplankton in C1,C2 and C3 group indicated that the water without feed residue tended to be stable during the experiment.The phytoplankton densities of T1,T2 and T3 group increased while the diversity indexes of these groups decreased,which indicated that the water environment tended to be eutrophic.The variation trend of different aquaculture waters may be closely related to the difference of microbes,and the variance of phytoplankton composition in the water may be related to the change of pH value in the waters.

关 键 词：养殖水体 饲料残饵 水质 浮游植物 可培养细菌 

分 类 号：S969.38[农业科学—水产养殖]