淹水胁迫及胁迫解除对甜瓜幼苗呼吸等生理代谢的影响  

Effects of Waterlogging Stress and Stress Relieve on Respiration and Other Physiological Metabolisms of Melon Seedlings

作　　者：张永平[1] 刁倩楠 张文献[2] 田守波[1] 许爽[1] 范红伟[2] ZHANG Yong-ping;DIAO Qian-nan;ZHANG Wen-xian;TIAN Shou-bo;XU Shuang;FAN Hong-wei(Horticultural Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Agriculture Technology Extension and Service Center,Shanghai 201103,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院园艺研究所,上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海201403 [2]上海市农业技术推广服务中心,上海201103

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2019年第11期41-48,共8页China Vegetables

基　　金：上海市瓜果产业技术体系项目[沪农科产字(2019)第1号];上海市农业科学院卓越团队项目[农科创2017(B-06)];上海市闵行区项目(2019MHC051)

摘　　要：以耐涝性稍强的脆禧和耐涝性较弱的世纪蜜甜瓜品种为材料,采用双套盆法研究半淹水、全淹水胁迫(1 d和3 d)及恢复(1、3、5 d)对甜瓜幼苗呼吸等生理代谢的影响。结果表明:与进行常规水分管理的对照相比,淹水胁迫降低了甜瓜幼苗根系鲜质量、干质量和根系活力,且全淹处理的抑制作用更加显著。淹水胁迫提高了无氧呼吸乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)活性,降低了有氧呼吸苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性,耐涝性较弱的世纪蜜的降低幅度大于耐涝性稍强的脆禧;淹水胁迫后2个品种中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性总体呈升高趋势。因此,淹水胁迫使甜瓜幼苗有氧呼吸受到阻碍,同时促进了无氧呼吸代谢,最终导致根系生长受到抑制,且世纪蜜受到抑制程度大于脆禧。Taking moderately stronger flood tolerant melon ‘Cuixi’ and relatively weaker flood tolerant melon ‘Shijimi’ as materials,this paper studied the effects of half submerged and total submerged(1,3 days)stress and stress relieve(1,3,5 days)on respiration and other physiological metabolism of melon seedlings. The results indicated that comparing with the contrast carrying out normal water management,waterlogging stress decreased the fresh weight,dry weight and activities of melon seedlings root system,and the inhibiting effect of total submerge treatment was more significant.Waterlogging stress increased the activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH),reduced the activities of malate dehydrogenase(MDH)and succinate dehydrogenase(SDH).The reducing scale of ‘Shijimi’ with relatively weaker flood tolerance was larger than that of ‘Cuixi’ with moderately stronger flood tolerance.The activities of superoxid dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)of these 2 varieties showed an increasing tendency after waterlogging stress.Therefore,waterlogging stress inhibited the aerobic respiration of melon seedlings,while accelerated the anaerobic respiration metabolism,eventually leading to restrain the root system growth.Moreover,the inhibition rate suffered by ‘Shijimi’ was larger than that of ‘Cuixi’.

关 键 词：甜瓜 淹水胁迫 根系生长 呼吸酶代谢 抗氧化酶活性 

分 类 号：S65[农业科学—果树学]