拟屈子忠厚之节、传赋家殷勤之意——论东方朔《七谏》思想文学价值及其楚辞学意义  

Discussion on the Ideological and Literary Value of Dongfang Shuo’s Qi Jian and Its Important Role in the Development of Chu Ci

作　　者：宋小芹 SONG Xiaoqin

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院

出　　处：《济南大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第6期71-78,158,159,共10页Journal of University of Jinan:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国赋学编年史”(项目编号:17ZDA240)之阶段性成果

摘　　要：自朱熹贬斥《七谏》等汉人拟骚之作为“意不深切”之后,古今学者对于这篇长达三千余言的悼屈辞赋就很少具体客观的研究。本文认为,应该回到王逸《楚辞章句》的肯定性评价并联系东方朔“直言切谏”的思想经历重新认识《七谏》的思想艺术价值:(1)《七谏》乃作者以“屈原与楚同姓无相去之义,故加为七谏”而作,所谓“七谏”即《悲回风》之“骤谏”与王逸《七谏》注之“数谏”,亦与《荀子》“诤谏”及《非有先生论》“深谏、切谏”同义;(2)《七谏》追悯屈原自遭放弃以至自沉的不幸人生,批判黑暗“浊世”与贤蔽谗进的政治乱象,昭显屈原“操愈坚而不衰”的忠信情怀,总结“执辔非人”乃屈子无功“谬谏”的根本原因,具有丰富的思想内容和认识价值;(3)《七谏》是汉代第一篇以“代言”形式全面叙写和评价屈原并有作者寄托的悼屈辞赋,既具开创“九体”的文学价值,也有深远的“楚辞学”意义。Since Zhu Xi’s negative comment on Dongfang Shuo’s Qi Jian,there are few objective comments on it.This paper raises that we should go back to Wang Yi’s positive comment in Chu Ci Zhang Ju,and Dongfang Shuo’s character to reconsider the ideological and literary value of Dongfang Shuo’s Qi Jian.Firstly,Qi jian comes from Qu Yuan’s experience.It has the same meaning of Jian in Bei Hui Feng,Xun Zi and Fei Xian Sheng Lun.Secondly,Dongfang Shuo’s Qi Jian recalls Qu Yuan’s unfortunate life,criticize dark society and political turmoil,reveal Qu Yuan’s fidelity and summarize the reason of Qu Yuan’s failure.Dongfang Shuo’s Qi Jian has high ideological and literary value.Finally,Qi Jian as the first Fu to memorize Qu Yuan in alternative language in Han Dynasty has literary value and its important role in the development of Chu Ci.

关 键 词：东方朔《七谏》 屈原 代言体 “楚辞学”意义 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]