关键生育期持续水分胁迫对春玉米土壤水分动态变化和产量的影响  

Continuous Water Stress at Key Growth Stages of Spring Maize:Effects on Soil Moisture Dynamics and Yield

作　　者：齐月[1] 蒋菊芳 胡蝶[1] 王润元[1] 王鹤龄[1] Qi Yue;Jiang Jufang;Hu Die;Wang Runyuan;Wang Heling(Gansu Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster/Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA/Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020;Agricultural Meteorological Experiment Station of Wuwei Meteorological Bureau,Wuwei Gansu 733000)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,兰州730020 [2]甘肃省武威市气象局农业气象试验站,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2019年第29期41-46,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：甘肃省省青年科技基金计划项目“干旱半干旱区几种干旱指数的适应性及改进研究”(17JR5RA344);国家自然科学基金资助项目“灌浆期高温与水分胁迫交互作用对半干旱区春玉米生长和产量的影响”(41505098)、“半干旱区作物干旱致灾过程特征及其若干阈值研究”(41275118)、“半干旱区春小麦农田干旱解除的降雨过程调控机制”(41775107);公益性行业（气象）科研专项（重大专项）“我国北方关键区域干旱致灾过程特征和机理研究”(GYHY201506001-2);甘肃省气象局气象科研项目“半干旱区春玉米干旱致灾过程研究”(GSMAMs2018-13)

摘　　要：为探讨关键生育期水分胁迫对春玉米土壤水分动态变化和产量的影响,在典型干旱区武威开展关键生育期水分胁迫模拟试验,试验设置CK(整个生育期供水充足的对照处理)、T1(拔节期持续干旱直至生育期结束)、T2(抽雄期持续干旱直至生育期结束)3种处理。结果表明,受水分胁迫影响,T1和T2干旱处理0~20 cm和0~40 cm土壤温度均高于CK处理,并且T2处理土壤温度高于T1处理;七叶期后,干旱处理剖面土壤含水量各层变化较大,至乳熟期,T1和T2处理土壤贮水量较CK分别减少了72%、57%;关键生育期的水分胁迫主要通过影响春玉米营养生长和生殖生长来影响最终的产量,T1和T2干旱处理产量分别减少了66.4%、54.2%,产量水平WUE分别减少了23.4%、13.1%。研究结果可为春玉米关键生育期干旱发生进行定量评估提供依据,为生态系统响应阈值的确定提供了思路。To explore the effects of water stress at key growth stages on soil moisture dynamics and yield of spring maize,we carried out the water stress simulation experiment at key growth stages of spring maize in Wuwei which was a typical arid area,including CK(control treatment with sufficient water supply during the whole growth period),T1(continuous drought during the jointing period until the end of the growth period),and T2(continuous drought during the tasseling period until the end of the growth period).The results showed that:under the influence of water stress,the soil temperature of 0-20 cm and 0-40 cm in T1 and T2 drought treatment was higher than that of CK treatment,and the soil temperature of T2 treatment was higher than that of T1 treatment;after the seven-leaf stage,the soil moisture content of the drought treatment section varied greatly,by the milky stage,the water storage capacity of T1 and T2 treatments decreased by 72%and 57%,respectively compared with that of CK;the water stress during the key growth periods mainly affected the final yield by affecting the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of spring maize;the yields in T1 and T2 drought treatment decreased by 66.4%and 54.2%,respectively,and the WUE decreased by 23.4%and 13.1%,respectively.The results can provide a basis for the quantitative assessment of the drought at key growth stages of spring maize,and provide ideas for the determination of the ecosystem response threshold.

关 键 词：春玉米 水分胁迫 拔节期 抽雄期 土壤水分 关键生育期 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]