黑土机械压实对土壤结构和甜菜产量的影响  

Mechanical Compaction of Black Soil: Impact on Soil Structure and Sugar Beet Yield

作　　者：周艳丽[1] 卢秉福 Zhou Yanli;Lu Bingfu(College of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080;Crops Research Institute,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学农业资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150080 [2]黑龙江大学农作物研究院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2019年第32期84-88,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目“基于农机与农艺结合的机械-土壤-甜菜系统相互作用机理研究”(C201239);黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目“甜菜机械化栽培农机与农艺技术融合研究”(12541636)

摘　　要：黑土机械压实是由机械化作业引起的土壤结构破坏、土壤质量下降。通过农业机械压实对比试验,分析土壤孔隙比、土壤孔隙度比、土壤透气性、渗透率等指标。结果表明:土壤压实积累区变化特征总体上表现为,随着机械压实次数的增加,土壤隙比和土壤孔隙度比均减小,通气性变差,土壤雨水入渗率降低,影响区域以5~10 cm耕层土壤最大,拐点在10 cm处,对深层土壤的影响较小。土壤压实给甜菜生长造成不利影响,与对照比甜菜块根直径小6.67%~16.08%,甜菜块根长度短1.96%~17.65%,块根产量减产5.81%~24.13%,含糖降低0.49~0.81°Z,糖产量降低4.73%~27.03%,碾压次数越多对甜菜产质量的降低作用越显著。Mechanical compaction of black soil is the destruction of soil structure caused by mechanized operations,which results in the decline of soil quality.We analyzed the indexes of soil void ratio,soil porosity degree ratio,soil air permeability,soil infiltration rate and so on through the comparative compaction test of agricultural machinery.The results indicated that:the change characteristics of soil compaction accumulation area showed that the soil void ratio and soil porosity degree ratio decreased,soil air permeability got worse,the soil infiltration rate of rainfall reduced with the increase of the number of mechanical compaction,the topsoil of 5-10 cm was the most influenced area and the inflection point was at 10 cm of plough layer,little effect was found on deep soil;soil compaction had a negative effect on the growth of sugar beet,compared with CK,the diameter and the length of beet root reduced by 6.67%-16.08%,1.96%-17.65%,respectively,the root yield,the sugar content and the sugar yield decreased by 5.81%-24.13%,0.49-0.81°Z,4.73%-27.03%,respectively.The yield and quality of sugar beet declined more significantly with more rolling times.

关 键 词：甜菜 农业机械 土壤压实 土壤结构 产量 

分 类 号：S233.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]