基于妫水河水体水质净化的浮水植物优选  

Optimal selection of floating plants based on water purification for Guishui River

作　　者：林海[1,2] 陶艳茹 董颖博 李冰[1,2] LIN Hai;TAO Yan-ru;DONG Ying-bo;LI Bing(Department of Environmental Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学环境工程系,北京100083 [2]工业典型污染物资源化处理北京市重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2019年第5期1685-1694,共10页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：“十三五”国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2017ZX07101004)

摘　　要：为构建高效净化妫水河水体水质的水生植物系统提供基础数据,研究了水鳖(Hydrocharis dubia)、槐叶萍(Salvinia natans)、浮叶眼子菜(Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi)、黄花水龙(Azoila imbricata)、荇菜(Potamogeton natans)、耐寒睡莲(Nymphaea tetragona Georg)、满江红(Nymphoides peltatum) 7种不同的浮水植物的净化效果。结果表明,在劣Ⅴ类水体水质(即NH4+-N、TP、COD质量浓度分别为2. 2 mg/L、0. 4 mg/L、45 mg/L)条件下,黄花水龙、耐寒睡莲、荇菜、水鳖对水体水质净化效果较好,净化后水质可达地表Ⅱ~Ⅲ类水质标准。其中,水鳖、黄花水龙对NH4+-N和TP均具有良好的去除效果,NH4+-N去除率可达93. 64%和96. 31%,TP去除率可达90. 41%和95. 17%;荇菜、耐寒睡莲对COD去除率较高,分别为78. 28%、75. 02%,且这4种植物在水体中生长状况良好。水体pH值变化(pH=6~8)对黄花水龙、水鳖去除NH4+-N和TP的影响很小,荇菜对COD的去除率随水质pH值升高有所下降,而耐寒睡莲则相反。经比较分析和在天然水体下进行验证,水鳖、黄花水龙可作为妫水河水体修复的浮水植物。The purpose of this paper is to study the purification effects of different kinds of floating plants for the specific features of the water quality of Guishui River,including Hydrocharis dubia,Salvinia natans,Potamogeton natans,Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi,Nymphoides peltatum,Nymphaea tetragona Georgi and Azoila imbricate. Paper has been trying to purify the inferior Ⅴ water quality( e. g. NH4+-N,TP and COD mass concentrations of 2. 2 mg/L,0. 4 mg/L and 45 mg/L) to screen out floating plants,through the different plant treatments to screen out the floating plants that can increase the target water purification efficiency through evaluation of the pollutants removal rate,persistence of purification effect,and the alkalinity adaptability to the environmental acidity reduction particularly suitable for the water quality of Guishui River. The results of our study and assessment indicate that,under the condition of inferior quality of Ⅴ water,the water quality in terms of Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi,the Nymphaea tetragona Georgi,the Nymphoides peltatum and Hydrocharis dubia grow well and promote the water quality,so as for the surface water quality to meet Class Ⅱ-Ⅲ standards of China state national standardization. Among them,good removal effects have been gained in terms of NH4+-N and TP as to the Hydrocharis dubia and Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi,whose removal rates have been made to reach the rates of 93. 64% and 96. 31%,90. 41% and 95. 17%,respectively. As to the removal rates of COD by Nymphoides peltatum and Nymphaea tetragona Georgi,they have been made to reach the rates of 78. 28% and75. 02%,respectively. Nevertheless,the change of acidity and alkalinity of the water body( between 6 and 8) has made little effect on the removal of NH4+-N and TP by Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi and Hydrocharis dubia,which can be said well be kept at the rates of 91. 4%-92. 1% and 92. 9%-96. 3%,93. 1%-95. 5% and 79. 0%-82. 4%,respectively. However,the removal rates of COD by Nymphoides peltatum and Nymphaea tetragona Georgi remain serio

关 键 词：环境工程学 浮水植物 劣Ⅴ类水体 植物修复 妫水河 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]