改良剂对土壤重金属有效性及黄豆吸收重金属的影响  

Effect of amendments on heavy metal availability in soil and uptake of heavy metals by soybeans

作　　者：李晔[1] 朱利军 刘成[1] 周育智 刘东斌[1] 周海燕[2] 何晓曼[1] LI Ye;ZHU Li-jun;LIU Cheng;ZHOU Yu-zhi;LIU Dong-bin;ZHOU Hai-yan;HE Xiao-man(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;CCCC Second Highway Consultants Co.Ltd.,Wuhan 430056,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430070 [2]中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司,武汉430056

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2019年第5期1737-1744,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41701351)

摘　　要：为研究改良剂对土壤中重金属有效态及作物吸收重金属的影响,通过田间试验,探讨了无机改良剂钙镁磷肥、海泡石、石灰和有机改良剂泥炭施用时,重金属污染农田土壤中Cd、Cu、Zn的有效态质量比变化及黄豆植株中重金属的累积特征。结果表明,4种改良剂都能降低土壤中Cd、Cu、Zn有效态质量比,改变其在土壤中的赋存形态比例,减少黄豆对重金属的吸收,促进黄豆生长和增产。其中,钙镁磷肥显著降低了土壤中重金属有效态和黄豆籽实中的重金属质量比,促进籽实增产20. 7%。同等条件下,泥炭对土壤重金属有效态的降低效果不如无机改良剂,但其促进黄豆籽实增产的效果最好,达23. 9%。黄豆植株中重金属质量比与其在土壤中的有效态质量比显著正相关,而与黄豆生物量和籽实产量负相关。降低土壤重金属有效态质量比对于保障农产品安全至关重要。The given paper is aimed to make an exploration of the available variation of the content rates of Cd,Cu and Zn in the heavy metal contaminated farmland and their accumulation features in the soybean under the amendment application.And for the said study purpose,we have been trying to apply calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer,sepiolite,lime and peat to the field under study,and then tracing their influence on the morphological distribution of the aforementioned heavy metals in the soil and soybean growth status-in-situ.The results indicate that the four kinds of amendments can all help to reduce the bioavailability of Cd,Cu,Zn,and verify their content rates in soil.What is more,the amendments can help to promote soybean growth by reducing the absorption rate of the said heavy metals.Among them,significant reduction can be found by amending the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to the acid extractable content rate of the heavy metals in the soil.Simultaneously,the soybean seed yield can be made to increase by 20.7%.In spite of this,as compared with the inorganic amendment,the effect of peat doesn't seem to be so good as the organic amendments on reducing the available content rates of heavy metals.Exactly speaking,it can produce the optimistic effect on the increase of the soybean seed yield up to 23.9%.Besides,the inhibitory effect of the four amendments on the absorption of Cd in the soybean seeds tends to reveal in a successive ascending order,e.g.peat lime sepiolite calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.As for Cu,the order can be illustrated as below:lime <peat< sepiolite< calcium.As to the magnesium phosphate fertilizer,the order should be indicated as it follows:lime sepiolite calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer peat for Zn.Besides,the contents of Cd,Cu and Zn in the soybean have been found positively correlated with those of their available state in the soil,though negatively correlated with the biomass of soybean and the yield of the seeds.Hence,it should be said that the decisive factor to red

关 键 词：环境学 重金属 有效态 土壤改良剂 黄豆 田间试验 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]