2014年山东近岸海域海水氮磷营养盐含量特征及富营养化评价  

Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrient Concentrations and Eutrophication Evaluation of Shandong Coastal Waters in 2014

作　　者：魏潇 李凡 马元庆 徐艳东 陈玮 孙伟 WEI Xiao;LI Fan;MA Yuanqing;XU Yandong;CHEN Wei;SUN Wei(Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute,Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology,Yantai,Shandong 264006,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2019年第5期103-109,共7页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：山东省海洋与渔业科技创新计划项目(2017HY07);国家海洋局海域管理技术重点实验室基金(201608);国家海洋局海洋生态环境科学与工程重点实验室开放基金(MESE-2017-05)资助;国家海洋公益性行业专项经费项目(201205001)

摘　　要：本文依据2014年山东近岸海域海水春夏秋三个航次的营养盐监测数据,采用单因子指数、富营养化指数和潜在性富营养化评价等3种方法分析和评价了山东近岸海域的海水营养盐含量特征和富营养化时空变化特征。结果表明,调查海域的DIN和PO4-P含量劣于第四类海水水质标准的站次比例分别为7.1%和0.5%,各营养盐空间分布离散程度较大,总体趋势为山东北部海域的含量高于南部。NO3-N是DIN的主要存在形式,春夏秋三个季节DIN、PO4-P和SiO3-Si的含量变化基本呈春季至夏季降低、而后秋季再升高的趋势。调查海域呈富营养化(E≥1)的站次占总监测站次的14%,83.3%的站次的N/P>30,氮磷营养盐结构失衡,磷限制为山东近岸海域营养盐结构的主要特征。应加强富营养化海域监测,特别关注营养盐严重失衡区域。On the basis of the field data of nutrients in Shandong coastal waters in spring, summer and autumn of 2014, methods of single factor index, eutrophication index and potential eutrophication evaluation were adopted, respectively, to analyze and assess the characteristics of seawater nutrient concentrations as well as the temporal and spatial characteristics of eutrophication in the coastal waters of Shandong Province. The results showed that 7.1% of all the sampling stations had high reactive phosphate(PO4-P) concentrations in the study area while 0.5% of them had high dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) concentrations, exceeding the standards for Category IV seawater according to Seawater Quality Standard of China(GB 3097-1997). The spatial distribution of each nutrient was in great dispersion. The overall trend was that their concentrations of the northern waters of Shandong were higher than those of the southern areas. NO3-N was the chief form of DIN. The contents of DIN, PO4-P and SiO3-Si basically decreased from spring to summer and then increased in autumn. In total, 14% of the monitoring stations in the study area was eutrophic(E≥1), and N/P ratios were larger than 30 in 83.3% of the stations, suggesting a serious imbalance between nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients as well as phosphorus-limit as the main feature of the nutrient structure of Shandong coastal waters. Measures should be taken on close monitoring on eutrophic coastal waters, and special attentions should be paid to the areas with severe unbalance in nutrients structure.

关 键 词：富营养化 氮磷比 近岸海域 山东 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学] X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]