二氧化碳超临界流体萃取在裂殖壶菌DHA提取中的应用  

Application of Supercritical-CO2 Fluid Extraction in DHA extraction of Aurantiochytrium limacinum

作　　者：刘畅[1] 臧晓南[1] 刘柱 王振东[1] LIU Chang;ZANG Xiaonan;LIU Zhu;WANG Zhendong(Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China(OUC),Qingdao 266003,Shandong)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生物遗传育种教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2019年第5期135-142,共8页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

摘　　要：采用大容量二氧化碳超临界流体萃取设备对裂殖壶菌OUC168菌粉进行油脂萃取,并以四种油料作物黑芝麻、大豆、花生、核桃进行比较,通过气相色谱技术检测了萃取物中的脂肪酸组成及含量,并比较和分析了不同萃取条件下超临界流体对不同脂肪酸的萃取效果。结果表明,四种油料作物中的脂肪酸均以16-18C为主,裂殖壶菌中含有丰富的长链脂肪酸DHA(22C:6,44.34%),是非常好的不饱和脂肪酸来源。二氧化碳超临界流体萃取技术可以有效萃取四种油料作物中的脂肪酸,萃取率均在75%以上。对于裂殖壶菌中脂肪酸的萃取,在萃取温度30-40℃,萃取压力30MPa,分离温度35-55℃条件下,长链脂肪酸的萃取率总体低于短链脂肪酸;同种脂肪酸在萃取温度为30℃时的萃取率高于40℃时的萃取率。在萃取温度30℃,萃取压力30MPa,分离温度55℃,分离压力8~10MPa,CO2流速14L/h的条件下,二氧化碳超临界流体萃取裂殖壶菌总脂肪酸的萃取率为56.03%,DHA萃取率为22.16%。Supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction technology was used to extract the oil of A.limacinum OUC168,which were compared with four oil crops,including black sesame,soybeans,peanuts and walnuts.The composition and content of fatty acids in extracts were determined by gas chromatography.Then the extraction of different fatty acids by SCFE under different extraction conditions were compared and analyzed.The results indicated that the fatty acids in these four oil crops are mainly 16-18 C,and A.limacinum contains abundant long-chain fatty acids DHA(22 C:6,44.34%),thus A.limacinum is a very good source of unsaturated fatty acids.Carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction technology can effectively extract the fatty acids from these four oil crops,and the extraction rate is above 75%.For extraction of fatty acids in A.limacinum,the extraction rate of long-chain fatty acids is generally lower than that of short-chain fatty acids at extraction temperatures ranging from 30 to 40℃,extraction pressure 30 MPa,and separation temperatures ranging from 35 to 55℃.When the extraction temperature is 30℃,the extraction rate of the same fatty acids is higher than that at 40℃.When the extraction temperature was 30℃,the extraction pressure was 30 MPa,the separation temperature was 55℃,the separation pressure was 8~10 MPa and CO2 flow rate was 14 L/h,the extraction rate of total fatty acids of A.limacinum was 56.03%,and the extraction rate of DHA was 22.16%.

关 键 词：CO2超临界流体 萃取 裂殖壶菌 脂肪酸 DHA 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]