高空抛物致人损害侵权责任规则的设计——对侵权责任编（草案三审稿）第一千零三十条的审视  

Design of Tort Liability Rules for Damages Caused by High Altitude Parabolic

作　　者：贾韶琦 Jia Shaoqi

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学法学院

出　　处：《法治社会》2019年第6期59-66,共8页Law-Based Society

摘　　要：民法典侵权责任编(草案三审稿)第一千零三十条延续了《侵权责任法》的立法思路,在复制其第八十七条的基础上有所补充和延伸,但没有解决根本矛盾。侵权责任法有自己的精神气质,也有自己的定位和功能。第八十七条本就缺乏正当性,实施以后也没能实现理论上的自圆其说,更经不起司法实践的究问,不应再写入民法典侵权责任编。于此,法律真正要解决的是受害人"调查难"的问题,包括降低维权成本、避免救济真空。建议重新设计高空抛物致人损害侵权责任规则,以一款规定高空抛物人的过错侵权责任,再一款规定建筑物管理人的安全保障义务,删去其他不属于侵权责任法调整范围的内容。同时在侵权责任法以外,通过修改《治安管理处罚法》,制定专项基金管理办法,出台政策鼓励商业保险产品开发等,形成公私救济合力。Article 1030 of the compilation of Tort liability of the Civil Code(draftⅢ)continues the legislative thinking of the Tort liability Law,supplements and extends it on the basis of copying Article 87,but fails to solve the fundamental contradiction.Tort liability law has its own spiritual temperament,but also has its own positioning and function.Article 87 is inherently unjustified,and since its implementation has not been justified theoretically,it cannot bear the scrutiny of judicial practice,so it should not be written into the tort liability part of the civil code.In this regard,what the law really wants to solve is the"difficult investigation"of victims,including reducing the cost of safeguarding rights and avoiding the relief vacuum.Therefore,it is suggested to redesign the tort liability rules for damages caused by high altitude parabolic.One paragraph stipulates the liability for negligence and tort of high altitude parabolic and the next paragraph stipulates the security obligation of building managers,and delete other contents that are not within the scope of the regulation of tort liability law.At the same time,in addition to the tort liability law,public security management penalty law was amended,special fund management measures were formulated,and policies were introduced to encourage the development of commercial insurance products so as to form public and private relief efforts.

关 键 词：高空抛物 侵权责任 矫正主义 侵权立法 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]