习艺迁善：清末罪犯习艺所与模范监狱的源流、差别和使命  

Promoting Goodness via Work: Origin, Difference and Mission of Criminal Workhouse and Model Jail in Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：沈玮玮[1] Shen Weiwei

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院

出　　处：《法治社会》2019年第6期111-126,共16页Law-Based Society

基　　金：2019年度中央高校基本科研业务费项目“中共革命根据地检察制度史研究”（项目编号：C2191810）阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：传统军徒流刑的弊端与辛丑条约后流民和囚徒的治安难题,使得清廷开始重视乾隆时期的习艺教养传统,各种工艺局和习艺所开始在全国推广。袁世凯的直隶罪犯习艺所和京师习艺所成为罪犯习艺所的两种模板。直隶更偏向移植日本监狱经验,而京师更侧重清代习艺教养传统的接续。不过,习艺教养原本是南方江浙之地的创举,张之洞早已在南方大力推广,后因习艺所未发挥期待的功效而被模范监狱取代。在罪犯习艺所和模范监狱选择上的南北差异,与南北经济和官僚风格颇有关系。罪犯习艺所和模范监狱在习艺教养场所、监管方式以及教育内容等制度上均体现了清廷通过教育改造公民纪律性,进而塑造新国民的理想使命。The malpractice of traditional exile punishment and the security problems of displaced people and prisoners after the Xin Chou Treaty made Qing Dynasty pay attention to the tradition of practice and upbringing in Emperor Qianlong period,and all kinds of arts and crafts bureau and practice institute began to popularize in the whole country.Yuan Shikai’s Zhili province criminal workhouse and imperial workhouse became two kinds of templates.Zhili province’s preference was the transplantation experience from Japan,and the imperial workhouse preferred Qing Dynasty tradition.However,learning skills and criminal education were inventions form Jiangsu and Zhejiang province and Zhang Zhidong promoted them vigorously in South China.Because the criminal workhouse did not play the expected effect,it was replaced by the model jail.The differences in the choice of criminal workhouse and model jail between North and South were related with economic and bureaucratic style in South and North China.The criminal practice center and the model prison reflected the ideal mission of the Qing Dynasty to transform the discipline of citizens through education,and then shaped the ideal mission of the new people in terms of training places,supervision methods and educational contents.

关 键 词：罪犯习艺所 模范监狱 自新所 狱政改良 南北差异 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]