“艾滋病”的媒体话语表征与变迁——基于《人民日报》艾滋病报道的话语分析  

Representation and Transformation of Media Discourse of AIDS: A Discourse Analysis Based on the AIDS Reports in People’s Daily

作　　者：胡雨濛 韦路[2] HU Yu-meng;WEI Lu(Shi Liangcai School of Journalism and Communication,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018;College of Media and International Culture,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学史量才新闻与传播学院,浙江杭州310018 [2]浙江大学传媒与国际文化学院,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第3期106-116,共11页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“新媒体环境下艾滋病人亲社会行为培养机理研究”（18YJC860012）

摘　　要：通过对《人民日报》三十余年艾滋病报道的词频概况和变化趋势的考古式研究,试图还原中国主流媒体对艾滋病话语建构过程,研究艾滋病的媒介表征与话语变迁。研究发现,环境方面,国家体制的确认、维稳任务的执行、公共卫生体系的建立、对弱势群体的关怀等政治意图,依次影响着艾滋病媒介话语的建构;对道德约束的强调、社会关系的巨变以及多方权力的博弈等社会情境也日益发挥着影响力。言说主体方面,话语权威从拥有知识资本的人转向拥有政治资本的人,政府官员不仅通过话语实践言说艾滋病议题,还以“走访”“握手”等社会实践传达话语倾向;感染者的声音一度被遮蔽,虽然近年来有所解放,但其话语仍然是经主流框架筛选的。对象上,媒介话语曾将“外国人”当作“他者”来肃清,随后又将矛头指向“作奸犯科者”,借这类“他们”与“我们”的界限划分,旨在强调“我们”是安全的;随着“四免一关怀”政策的提出,“他们”与“我们”的对垒不再森严,“感染”从“结局”转变为“经历”。Through archaeological research on the general situation and transformation tendency of word frequency in the AIDS reports over last three decades in the People’s Daily,this paper aims at restoring the process of Chinese mainstream media’s construction of AIDS discourse and studying the media representation and discourse transformation of AIDS.The findings show that in terms of environment,the construction of AIDS media discourse is subject to such political intentions as the confirmation of the state system,the implementation of the stability maintenance task,the establishment of the public health system and the solicitude for vulnerable groups;also,it is increasingly influenced by such social situations as the emphasis on moral restraint,the tremendous shift of social relations and the game of multiple powers.In terms of discourse subjects,discourse authority has been transferred from those with intellectual capital to those with political capital.Government officials not only discuss AIDS issues in discourse practice,but also convey discourse tendency through social practices such as“visiting”and“handshaking”.The voice of those infected were once silenced,and are still filtered through the mainstream media even though they have been somewhat liberated in recent years.In terms of objects,media discourse ever purged“foreigners”as“others”,and then targeted at“criminals”to emphasize that“we”were safe by discriminating“them”from“us”.Since the the policy of“Four Exemptions and One Care”was put into practice,the confrontation between“them”and“us”is no longer rigid and“infection”has shifted from an“ending”to an“experience”.

关 键 词：艾滋病 新闻报道 话语 感染者 《人民日报》 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]