肯尼亚滑坡灾害分布特征及敏感性区划  

Distribution patterns and susceptibility mapping of landslides in Kenya

作　　者：杨先全 周苏华 邢静康 朱生龙 YANG Xianquan;ZHOU Suhua;XING Jingkang;ZHU Shenglong(The First Engineering Company of CCCC Fourth Harbor Engineering Co.,Ltd,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510310,China;College of Civil Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan 410082,China;College of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha,Hunan 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中交四航局第一工程有限公司,广东广州510310 [2]湖南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410082 [3]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2019年第5期65-74,共10页The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(51708199);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(531107050969);北京市科技计划(Z181100003918005);贵州省交通运输厅科技项目(2017-143-054);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2011CB710601)

摘　　要：肯尼亚是我国"一带一路"倡议在东非的重要支点,由于全球气候变暖和其独特的气候地形条件,使得肯尼亚地质灾害频发,造成了大量的人员和财产损失,因此对其地质灾害的时空分布特性及敏感性区划研究具有重要现实意义。本文首先以肯尼亚1999-2013年的地质灾害数据为基础,分析得出了肯尼亚主要的地质灾害类型、时空分布特性;然后选取地貌,高程,坡度,坡向,土层类型,年均降雨量,地表植被覆盖类型,以及距离东非大裂谷的距离等滑坡影响因素,采用层次分析法开展了肯尼亚全境的滑坡敏感性评价。结果表明:(1)由于存在明显的雨季(每年3~5月,10~12月),肯尼亚地质灾害多与强降水有关,洪水和降雨引起的滑坡、泥石流是主要的地质灾害类型;(2)受地形及降雨的影响,洪水、滑坡、泥石流多发生在肯尼亚西南部的裂谷及高原区域,且多发生在每年的雨季期间;(3)肯尼亚西南部高原与东非大裂谷过渡地带是滑坡的高危险区,79.48%的历史滑坡均分布在敏感性分区的Ⅳ级(敏感)和V级(非常敏感)区域。本文的研究结果最大限度地防范和抵御地质灾害对我国"一带一路"倡议实施带来的不利影响,并为肯尼亚的防灾减灾规划提供参考。Kenya plays an important role in China’s"One Belt,One Road"strategy.As development expands under pressures of increasing populations,geohazards are becoming more frequent and losses from them are increasing in Kenya.The purpose of this study is to identify the distribution patterns of major geohazards and zonate landslide susceptibility of Kenya.Firstly,an invenrory of historic geohazards in Kenya from 1999-2013 was created and analyzed.By spatial overlay the geohazard inventory with the terrain and mena annual precipitation(MAP)in Kenya,we explore the spatial-temporal distribution patterns of geohazards.8 landslide contributing factors,including geomorphology,elevation,slope,slope aspect,soil type,MAP,land cover and distance to the great lift valley,were collected to generate the landslide susceptibility maps of Kenya using AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process)method.The results showed that flood,extreme strom,rianfall-induced landslides and debris were the most common geohazard type in Kenya.Most of the geohazards occurred during the rainy seasons(March to May and October to December)and concentrated on the southwestern part of Kenya.Validation of landslide susceptibility maps showed that 79.48%of historic landslides falled within the susceptible and very susceptible zones.The landslide susceptibility zonation map is useful for landslide hazard prevention,mitigration,and improvement to society,and proper palnning for land use and construction in the future.

关 键 词：肯尼亚 地质灾害敏感性 一带一路 模糊层次分析法 地理信息系统 

分 类 号：P642.22[天文地球—工程地质学]