基于卫星跟踪的遗鸥活动特征与空间利用研究  

Studies on the Movement, Home Range and Spatial Utilization of Larus relictus Based on Satellite Tracking

作　　者：刘亚东[1,2] 吴渊[1,2] 王正军[1,2] 于海龙[1,2] 钱法文[3] 李森[4] 孙伟 孙万兵 洪剑明 LIU Yadong;WU Yuan;WANG Zhengjun;YU Hailong;QIAN Fawen;LI Sen;SUN Wei;SUN Wanbing;HONG Jianming(College of Life Science,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;Beijing Center of Wetland Studies,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;Research Institute of Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Forest Seed and Seedling Station of Ulanqab,Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 012000,China;Forestry Bureau of Kangbao County,Zhangjiakou,Hebei Province 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学生命科学学院,北京100048 [2]首都师范大学北京湿地研究中心,北京100048 [3]中国林业科学研究院,森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091 [4]内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市林业种苗站,内蒙古乌兰察布012000 [5]河北省张家口市康保县林业局,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《四川动物》2019年第6期657-665,共9页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家湿地保护奖励资金项目[2016]

摘　　要：河北省康巴诺尔湖和张家口坝上已成为遗鸥Larus relictus的重要繁殖地和迁徙停歇地,但对此地繁殖种群的研究才刚开始。为了掌握遗鸥繁殖种群的活动区、活动节律和空间利用等特点,2016年6—9月,利用卫星跟踪技术对康巴诺尔湖遗鸥的活动特征和空间利用进行了研究。对4只遗鸥个体的跟踪结果表明:活动特征方面,(1)遗鸥主要活动区位于张家口坝上和内蒙古乌兰察布市东部,且不同个体位点分布差异较大;(2)繁殖后期和游荡期遗鸥活动区面积差异明显,游荡期活动区面积(155.95 km^2)大于繁殖后期(59.90 km^2)。同时不同个体活动区重叠程度差异较大,繁殖后期重叠程度高,游荡期重叠程度低;(3)活动节律显示遗鸥每天凌晨和黄昏都出现较长的活动距离。空间利用方面,本研究首次将粪区和农草区划为遗鸥的觅食区域,发现繁殖后期和游荡期遗鸥对湖淖区均有较高程度的利用。此外,还对遗鸥潜在食源进行了调查,发现在康巴诺尔湖遗鸥主要食物为摇蚊科Chironomidae幼虫和划蝽科Corixidae,在其他觅食地主要食物为丰年虫Chirocephalus sp.、蚌虫Cyzicus sp.、鲎虫Triops sp.和蛆虫。The Kangba Noel Lake and Bashang of Zhangjiakou city(Hebei province)are important breeding and stopover sites of Larus relictus,and research on the breeding populations in these areas are started recently.The activity characteristics and spatial utilization of L.relictus in Kangba Noel Lake were studied from June to September 2016 using a satellite tracking technique to determine the home range,activity rhythm and spatial utilization of the breeding populations.The tracking results of 4 L.relictus individuals showed that the main home ranges of this species were located at Bashang,Zhangjiakou city and the east of Ulanqab city(Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region),and significant differences concerning the activity characteristics were observed between different individual sites.There was a significant difference in home ranges between the late breeding period and the wandering period,and the area of the wandering period(155.95 km^2)was larger than that of the late breeding period(59.90 km^2).However,the overlap degree of home range in the wandering period was lower than that of the late breeding period.The results of activity rhythm analysis showed that the movement distances of L.relictus were higher during the dawn and dusk.In terms of spatial utilization,the faecal area and farming grass area were first found to be used as foraging areas by L.relictus.In addition,it was observed that L.relictus had high degree of lake area utilization in the late breeding period and wandering period.Furthermore,the results of potential food resource study indicated that the food of L.relictus was mainly composed of Chironomidae larvae and Corixidae in Kangba Noel Lake,and Chirocephalus sp.,Cyzicus sp.,Triops sp.and maggots in other feeding grounds.

关 键 词：康巴诺尔湖 遗鸥 活动区 活动距离 空间利用 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学] Q958.1