新疆喀什机场净空区鸟害综合评估  

Comprehensive Assessment of Bird Strike in the Clearance Area of Kashgar Airport, Xinjiang

作　　者：王述潮 马鸣[1] 刘旭[1] 李军伟 WANG Shuchao;MA Ming;LIU Xu;LI Junwei(Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室新疆生态与地理研究所

出　　处：《四川动物》2019年第6期695-702,共8页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31572292,31272291)

摘　　要：为了解新疆喀什机场净空区鸟类群落特征,给机场鸟击防范提供数据支持,预防鸟击发生,2017年3月—2019年5月,采用样线法和样点法对净空区10个区域的鸟类群落进行了定期调查,并持续统计了跑道和滑行道两侧548张防鸟粘网的鸟情数据。结果共记录鸟类15目31科73种,其中,留鸟12种(16%),夏候鸟16种(22%),冬候鸟12种(16%),旅鸟30种(41%)和迷鸟3种(4%)。分布型以泛北方种(85%)为主,其中,北方广布种30种(41%)、古北型16种(22%)、全北型16种(22%)。多样性分析显示,春、夏、秋季的多样性指数高,冬季较低。而空地-杂草区、绿洲-农田区、城郊居民区、湿地-水库区、粮食储备库的多样性指数较高,垃圾场的较低。根据鸟类体质量、集群数量、遇见频率、生境利用率及飞行高度等对飞机的影响,对鸟害危险等级进行了评估:严重危险的是红隼Falco tinnunculus(38.78)、秃鼻乌鸦Corvus frugilegus(36.38)、凤头百灵Galerida cristata(25.45)和麻雀Passer montanus(25.50)。基于以上研究结果总结鸟情特点,各项分析指数(包括548张鸟网信息)依次为春>秋>夏>冬,虽然冬季种类比较少,但一些种类的数量却比较大,需要提防。最后,为喀什机场鸟击防范提出合理化建议。In order to understand the characteristics of bird community in the clearance area of Kashgar Airport, and provide data to support to prevent bird strikes, we used the line transect and point-count to investigate the bird community of 10 areas , and also monitored 548 bird nets on the both sides of the airstrip and taxiway from March 2017 to May 2019. About 73 species belonging to 31 families, 15 orders were recorded, including 12 residents (16%), 16 summer visitors (22%), 12 winter visitors (16%), 30 passage migrants (41%) and 3 vagrants (4%). Pan-Northern species were the main species, accounting for 85%, among which 30 species (41%) were widely distributed, 16 species (22%) were ancient north pattern, and 16 species (22%) were whole north pattern. The diversity analysis showed that the diversity index was high in spring, summer and autumn, low in winter. The diversity index values of vacant lands-weeds, oasis-farmlands, residential areas, wetland-reservoirs, grain reserves are higher, while those of the garbage dump were lower. According to the influence of bird body mass, flock number, encounter frequency, habitat utilization rate and flight height on the planes, the risk level of birds was evaluated. There were 4 species of birds with serious risk, such as common kestrel ( Falco tinnunculus , 38.78), rook ( Corvus frugilegus , 36.38), crested lark ( Galerida cristata , 25.45)and tree sparrow ( Passer montanus , 25.50). And the diversity indexes of different seasons ranked as spring>autumn>summer>winter. Although there are fewer species in winter, the flock number of some species is relatively large, which required precaution. Also reasonable suggestions and rationalizations were put forward for the prevention and control of birds in the airport.

关 键 词：鸟害 净空区 危险等级 喀什机场 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学] Q958