随动式残膜回收机清杂系统作业参数优化  

Optimization of working parameters of cleaning system for master-slave residual plastic film recovery machine

作　　者：蒋德莉[1,2] 陈学庚 颜利民[1,2] 莫毅松 杨松梅[4] 王昭宇 Jiang Deli;Chen Xuegeng;Yan Limin;Mo Yisong;Yang Songmei;Wang Zhaoyu(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi 832003,China;Changzhou Han-Sun Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou,213034,China;College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学机械电气工程学院,石河子832003 [2]农业农村部西北农业装备重点实验室,石河子832003 [3]常州汉森机械有限公司,常州213034 [4]吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春130022

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第19期1-10,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(201503105)

摘　　要：残膜是一种可循环利用材料,残膜回收过程中只有将残膜和作物秸秆、土壤等杂质分离,才能实现残膜的回收利用,减少残膜污染。针对目前回收残膜含杂率高的问题,该文设计了一种随动式残膜回收机清杂系统。为明确该系统的作业性能,提高残膜回收作业质量,进行了随动式残膜回收机清杂系统作业参数优化。通过对工作原理、工作条件及膜杂分离影响因素的分析,确定以机具前进速度、地膜输送链速度、捡拾滚筒安装位置和二级杂质输送装置转速为试验因素,以残膜捡拾率、膜杂分离率和杂质输送效率为试验指标,根据二次回归正交组合试验设计原理,进行了四因素五水平回归正交组合田间试验设计。利用Design-Expert软件对试验结果进行响应面分析,得到各因素与试验指标之间的数学模型,分析得出影响残膜捡拾率和膜杂分离率的主次因素依次是捡拾滚筒安装位置、机具前进速度、地膜输送链速度和二级杂质输送装置转速;影响杂质输送效率的主次因素依次为二级杂质输送装置转速、捡拾滚筒安装位置、地膜输送链速度和机具前进速度。根据优化目标的重要程度,对回归模型进行多目标优化,得出清杂系统最佳作业参数组合为:机具前进速度1.26 m/s、地膜输送链速度1.55 m/s、捡拾滚筒安装位置-17 mm(即以支架长孔中心与捡拾滚筒中心在竖直方向重合为原点,向机具前进方向调整17 mm)、二级杂质输送装置转速为205 r/min,在最优参数组合下残膜捡拾率为90.19%,膜杂分离率为92.21%,杂质输送效率为89.6%。并通过田间试验验证了最优组合,试验结果显示:残膜捡拾率为91.54%、膜杂分离率为90.37%、杂质输送效率为88.4%,与预测值误差分别为1.50%、2.00%和1.34%,参数优化结果可靠。研究结果可为提升随动式残膜回收机清杂系统作业质量提供参考。Plastic film has been widely used to mulch soil in croplands,but its recycling rate is less than 60%.Since natural degradation of plastic film is slow,accumulative use of plastic films has resulted in soil structure degradation and environment deterioration.Recycling the film residuals is hence mandatory.Manual picking is labor intensity and inefficient,and mechanical recycling is thus called.Most machines available on market are unable to separate the film residuals from straw and large soil particles during pick-up process.To alleviate this problem,we designed and tested an machine equipped with an improved cleaning system.We optimized the working parameters of the system in attempts to improve the residual recovery efficiency.Analysis of the structure of the cleaning system,its working principle and conditions,as well as the factors affecting the machine operation revealed that the most important parameters were the advancing speed of the machine,the speed of the film-conveyer,position of the pick-up drum and the speed of the secondary impurity-conveyer.We investigated the recovery rate of the film residuals,rate of separating the film residuals from the straw,and transport efficiency of the impurity,using the regression orthogonal combination tests with four five-level factors.The response surface of the testing results was analyzed using the design-expert software,and the relationship between each impacting factor and the testing index was also analyzed.The results showed that the main and secondary factors affecting the picking-up rate were position of the picking drum and the advancing speed of the machine,and that the factor affecting the separation rate mostly was the speed of film transportation followed by rotating speed of the impurity conveyer.The transport efficiency was affected mostly by the rotational speed of the impurity conveyer,followed by location of the pick-up drum,speed of the film-conveyer and advancing speed of the machine.The regression model was optimized with multiple objectives,and

关 键 词：农业机械 优化 作业参数 残膜回收 膜杂分离 响应曲面 

分 类 号：S223.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程]