随动式秸秆还田与残膜回收联合作业机设计与试验  

Design and test of master-slave straw returning and residual film recycling combine machine

作　　者：张慧明[1,2] 陈学庚 颜利民[1,2] 杨松梅 Zhang Huiming;Chen Xuegeng;Yan Limin;Yang Songmei(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi,832003,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture,Shihezi,832003,China;College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学机械电气工程学院,石河子832003 [2]农业部西北农业装备重点实验室,石河子832003 [3]吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春130022

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第19期11-19,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(201503105)

摘　　要：针对新疆棉田秋后残膜捡拾率低、膜杂分离效果差等问题,设计了一种随动式秸秆还田与残膜回收联合作业机,整机主要由秸秆粉碎装置和残膜捡拾装置组成。根据新疆棉花种植模式与作业要求对整机的关键部件进行了设计,确定了粉碎刀轴、甩刀、链板总成和起膜齿等零部件的结构参数。选取甩刀转速、机器前进速度和起膜齿入土深度为影响因素,秸秆粉碎长度合格率、残膜捡拾率和膜杂分离率为响应指标,进行了三因素五水平正交旋转中心组合试验。通过Design-Expert V8.0.6.1软件进行方差分析,建立了影响因素与评价指标的数学回归模型,分析了显著因素对响应指标的影响,优化试验参数,确定最优参数组合为:甩刀转速1200 r/min,机器前进速度4.5 km/h,起膜齿入土深度100 mm。根据最优参数组合进行田间试验,结果表明:在优化参数组合下,秸秆粉碎长度合格率的均值为89.37%、残膜捡拾率和膜杂分离率的均值分别为90.31%和93.16%,表明该联合作业机满足秸秆粉碎还田与残膜回收的技术要求。该研究成果有利于提高残膜捡拾机作业效果,解决新疆棉田残膜污染问题。The cotton areas in Xinjiang exceeded 2.5×10^6 hm^2 by the end of 2018,making Xinjiang the biggest cotton producer(accounting for 80%of the national cotton areas)in China.In most cotton fields in Xinjiang,the rows are spaced 560-760 mm and intra-row plants are spaced 96-100 mm.The average cotton yield in southern Xinjiang was approximately 7500 kg/hm^2,compared with 6000 kg/hm^2 in the north.Since Xinjiang is in hinterland of Eurasia,having ample sunshine,scarce precipitation and high evaporation,irrigation is essential to safeguard its agricultural production.To keep soil moisten,the planting strips for cotton are often mulched by plastic film before sowing seeds.Since natural degradation of plastic films is slow,an accumulative use of plastic film has led to soil structure degradation and environment deterioration.Recycling plastic film residuals is hence essential to developing sustainable agriculture but is challenging because the currently-used manual pick-up is labor intensive and inefficient while the available combine machines cannot separate the film residuals from cotton straw during the pick-up process.We designed a new machine aimed to solve this problem by combining film pick-up process and straw cutting-returning process.Differing from the available machines,the new one can separate the straw from the film residuals during pick-up and returning processes.It comprised a straw-cutting device,a film picking device and a film-lifting device,with all components purposely designed for cotton cultivated in Xinjiang.The operation depth of the film-lifting shovel was54-178 mm.An orthogonal rotation test with three five-level factors was conducted to examine the impact of the speed of the spinning fling cutter,forward-speed and operation depth of the film-lifting shovel on passing rate of the crushing length,the residual film picking rate and the membrane miscellaneous separation rate from the straw.The variances were analyzed using Design-Expert V8.0.6.1,and a regression model was used to evaluate the respo

关 键 词：农业机械 秸秆 塑料薄膜 残膜回收机 捡拾装置 优化试验 

分 类 号：S223.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程]