蚯蚓仿生注液沃土装置设计与试验  

Development of device for bionic sub-soil liquid fertilizer

作　　者：张东光 左国标 佟金[4] 张智泓[3] Zhang Dongguang;Zuo Guobiao;Tong Jin;Zhang Zhihong(College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province,Taiyuan 030031,China;College of Agriculture and Food,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130025,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院,太原030024 [2]土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室,太原030031 [3]昆明理工大学农业与食品学院,昆明650500 [4]吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春130025

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第19期29-36,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51805356,51605210);山西省自然科学基金(201701D12111209);土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室开放基金(2016003)

摘　　要：蚯蚓吞噬土壤,构建洞穴,发挥了肥沃土壤的重要作用。该文借助工程仿生技术手段,运用计算机图像处理技术对蚯蚓头部、体节轮廓图像进行量化分析,提取并拟合蚯蚓头部和体节的轮廓曲线,构建注液沃土装置的仿生几何结构表面。仿蚯蚓背孔排布方式设计了3孔和6孔注液型沃土装置,以UHMWPE为材料制备样机,并采用农机土槽试验系统开展注液沃土装置样机选型试验,考察孔数、是否注液、材料、表面结构4个参数对工作阻力和土壤粘附量的影响。试验结果表明,各参数对工作阻力的影响程度依次为:注液>孔数>材料>表面结构;对土壤粘附量的影响程度依次为:表面结构>孔数>材料>注液。从8类样机中确定的优选类型为:有6个注液孔、UHMWPE材质且具有仿生几何结构表面的仿生注液沃土装置。对选定的样机进行验证,结果表明:在相同试验条件下,该样机的平均工作阻力为283.48 N,平均土壤粘附量值为10.93 g,均低于其他类型样机。该研究工作可为实施机械化沃土工程提供技术参考。The conservation tillage and liquid fertilization can enhance the productivity of farmland.However,soil adhesion occurs on the surfaces of soil-tillage implements during liquid fertilizer applications.Soil adhesion phenomenon can increase energy consumption and decreases fertilizer application quality.The working procedure of liquid fertilizer application by sub-soil liquid fertilizer involves soil compression and shearing,hence,the shape and surface features of the sub-soil liquid fertilizer could significantly affect the performance of soil penetrating,in turn,affect the quality of liquid fertilizer application.Improving the shape design of soil engaging tool is one of the effective methods for reducing operating resistance and increasing working quality.Therefore,a sub-soil liquid fertilizer with novel geometries and surface features should be investigated,and attempts should be made to improve operating efficiency of liquid fertilizer application.Biologically inspired engineering is the application of biological methods found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems.When pressed with an engineering problem in agriculture,engineers could find wisdom and inspirations from the natural world.Through learning from the natural world,it is found that the interactions of living organisms with natural surroundings have led to the evolution of biological systems and environmental adaptabilities.Among the living organisms,earthworms have long been acknowledged to largely contribute to the aggregate stability of soils varying in texture,carbonate,and concentration of organic matter by burrowing,foraging,and casting on the soil surface and within the soil.Besides,earthworms can comfortably move in moist or adhesive soil,it’s worth noting that soil particles seldom sticking to bodies.One of the soil fertilization mechanisms for earthworms is that the earthworm swallowed soil and excreted particle casts while burrowing in soil.In this process,the earthworm mucus plays critical roles in adhesion reducing,so

关 键 词：仿生 设计 几何结构表面 脱附减阻 注液沃土 蚯蚓 

分 类 号：TB17[生物学—生物工程]