花叶开唇兰两种栽培模式生长效果分析  

Growth effects of Anoectochilus roxburghii(wall.)Lindl under two cultivation modes

作　　者：邵玲[1] 陈红阳 潘启明 黄淑容 白钰彬 SHAO Ling;CHEN Hong-yang;PAN Qi-ming;HUANG Shu-rong;BAI Yu-bin(School of Life Sciences,Zhaoqing University,Zhaoqing,Guangdong 526061,China;Zhaoqing Yalanfang Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhaoqing,Guangdong 526200,China)

机构地区：[1]肇庆学院生命科学学院,广东肇庆526061 [2]肇庆雅兰芳农业科技有限公司,广东肇庆526200

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2019年第10期2263-2270,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目（31201142）;国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（201810580013）;广东省农业科技创新平台项目（2019）

摘　　要：【目的】对比花叶开唇兰[Anoectochilus roxburghii(wall.)Lindl]在广东肇庆地区人工设施控湿大棚和次生阔叶经济林下的生长情况,为筛选适合该区域的花叶开唇兰有效栽培模式提供科学依据。【方法】以花叶开唇兰组培苗为材料,连续两年秋冬季在广东肇庆地区的人工设施控湿大棚和次生阔叶经济林下进行花叶开唇兰种植试验,对比两种栽培模式下花叶开唇兰植株的生长状况、叶片色素含量、成活率、病虫害情况及生物量。【结果】两种栽培试验地的温湿度相近,但设施控湿大棚平均日光照度显著低于阔叶经济林下(P<0.05,下同)。花叶开唇兰在设施控湿大棚的生长势明显,生长至180 d时,设施控湿大棚花叶开唇兰的株高、节数、叶数、总根数和根长分别高出阔叶经济林下栽培植株36.14%、21.50%、25.60%、105.81%和77.94%,类黄酮和花色素苷含量分别较阔叶经济林下植株高35.54%和169.05%;花叶开唇兰在阔叶经济林下的自然栽培模式易遭受虫害,种植180 d后的成活率仅41.12%,而设施控湿大棚的植株成活率为80.23%;阔叶经济林下植株的鲜重和干重显著低于设施控湿大棚下植株,但其单株折干率较高,为11.76%。【结论】花叶开唇兰种植在设施控湿大棚的生长性状优于阔叶经济林下栽培。广东肇庆地区由大叶相思(Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.ex Benth.)、阴香[Cinnamomum burmanni(Nees et T.Nees)Blume]和高山榕(Ficus altissima)等组建的阔叶经济林下并不适宜种植花叶开唇兰。阔叶经济林下自然小气候环境变化大,植株易遭受自然气候和病虫害生物等胁迫。建议品种引入种植前,应依据物种的生物学特性,慎重选择适宜的经济林下生态环境,合理设计栽培管护措施。【Objective】To provide scientific basis for selecting the effective cultivation mode of Anoectochilus roxburghii(wall.)Lindl,the growth of A.roxburghii under the humidity control greenhouse and under the secondary broadleaved economic forest in Zhaoqing,Guangdong were compared.【Method】A comparative experiment was carried out in Zhaoqing area in autumn and winter for two consecutive years,using A.roxburghii tissue culture seedling to compare the growth status,leaf pigment content,survival rate,diseases and insect pests,and biomass of plants under the two cultivation modes(humidity control greenhouse and secondary broad-leaved economic forest).【Result】The temperature and humidity of the two cultivation experimental sites were similar,and the daylight illumination of the humidity control greenhouses was significantly lower than that under the secondary broad-leaved economic forest.The growth vigor of A.roxburghii was strong in humidity control greenhouses.When it grew to 180 d,the plant height,pitch number,leaf number,the total number of root and root length of the plant in the facilities in greenhouses were 36.14%,21.50%,25.60%,105.81%and 77.94%higher than those of the plants cultivated under the secondary broad-leaved economic forest,respectively.The content of flavonoids and anthocyanin were 35.54%and 169.05%higher than that of plants under secondary broad-leaved economic forest.Under the natural cultivation mode of the secondary broad-leaved economic forest,A.roxburghii was vulnerable to insect pests.The survival rate at 180 d was only 41.12%,while the survival rate of plants in the humidity control greenhouses was 80.23%.The fresh and dry weights of the plants under the secondary broad-leaved economic forest was significantly lower than that of the plants under the humidity control,but the dry rate per plant was higher(11.76%).【Conclusion】The growth characteristics of humidity control greenhouses are better than that of the secondarybroad-leaved economic forest.The secondary broad-leaved economic

关 键 词：花叶开唇兰 栽培模式 生长效果 病虫害 广东肇庆 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]