抗鸡球虫病中兽药处方筛选及其对球虫病鸡盲肠组织病理学的影响  

Screening of traditional Chinese medicine prescription against chicken coccidiosis and its pathological effects on cecal tissue of sick chicken

作　　者：闫志强[1] 徐登峰[1] 付文贵[1] 陈春林[1] 唐红梅[1] 朱买勋[1] 翟少钦[1] YAN Zhi-qiang;XU Deng-feng;FUWen-gui;CHEN Chun-lin;TANG Hong-mei;ZHU Mai-xun;ZHAI Shao-qin(Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences,Chongqing 402460,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市畜牧科学院

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2019年第10期2322-2328,共7页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金项目（cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0061）;重庆市现代山地特色高效农业技术体系创新团队建设项目（2018〔5〕号）

摘　　要：【目的】筛选出对鸡球虫病具有良好治疗效果的中兽药处方,以确保养鸡业的持续健康发展。【方法】将84羽患有球虫病且每克粪便球虫卵囊数(OPG)超过105个的病鸡随机分为7组(处方①~处方⑥及感染对照组),每组12羽,另取12羽同日龄的健康仔鸡作为空白对照组。各处方处理组均按2.4 mL/kg的剂量给药,每天1次,连用7 d,感染对照组及空白对照组不投喂任何药物。试验期间观察球虫病鸡的临床表现,测定其生长性能、存活率、血便和盲肠病变计分、卵囊值及抗球虫指数(ACI),并采集盲肠组织制作病理切片,综合评价中兽药处方对鸡球虫病的临床治疗效果。【结果】给药后,各处方处理组球虫病鸡精神状态明显好转,采食量增加,血便减少,尤其以处方①和处方③的恢复效果较好;在6个抗球虫中兽药处方中以处方③的平均日增重最高、料重比最低,除处方③外,其他处方处理组均有病鸡死亡;处方③的ACI为170.41,依据药物效果判定标准可知,处方③对球虫病鸡的治疗效果良好;病鸡盲肠组织病理切片观察结果显示,处方①和处方③的盲肠组织结构正常,上皮细胞排列有序,未见有明显的组织病理损伤,与空白对照组相比无明显差异。【结论】处方③(青蒿∶常山∶仙鹤草∶地榆=5∶2∶2∶1)对鸡球虫病的治疗效果良好,其ACI为170.41,且能有效改善球虫病鸡受损的盲肠组织,加快其肠道功能恢复。【Objective】To ensure the sustainable and healthy development of the chicken industry,this test screened out traditional Chinese medicine compounds with good therapeutic effects on chicken coccidiosis.【Method】Eighty-four chickens with coccidiosis and more than 105 oocysts per gram of feces were randomly divided into seven groups(prescription①to⑥and infected control group),with 12 chickens in each group.Another 12 healthy chickens of the same age were used as the blank group.Each prescription group was administered at a dose of 2.4 mL/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days.The infected control group and the blank group were not treated with any drugs.During the test,the clinical manifestations of chickens were observed.Meanwhile,the relative weight gain rate,survival rate,bloody stool and cecal lesion score,oocyst value and anticoccidial index(ACI)were determined.At the same time,intestinal pathological sections were made and observed which were used to evaluate the clinical treatment effect of drug prescription on chicken coccidiosis comprehensively.【Result】After administration,the mental state of coccidiosis chickens recovered varying degrees in each drug group,the feed intake increased,and the blood stool decreased,especially prescription①and③.In six drug groups,the prescription③had the highest average daily gain and the lowest feed-to-weight ratio.Chickens died in other prescription treatment groups except for prescription③,and the anticoccidial index(ACI)of prescription③was 170.41.According to the judgment standard of drug efficacy,the prescription③had a good therapeutic effect on coccidiosis chickens,the cecal histopathological section observation showed that the cecal tissue structure of prescription①and③were normal,the epithelial cells were arranged in order,and no obvious tissue damage was observed.There was no significant difference in pathological damage compared with the blank control group.【Conclusion】Prescription③(Artemisia annua∶Changshan∶agrimony∶sanguisorba

关 键 词：鸡球虫病 中兽药处方 血便 盲肠病变 抗球虫指数(ACI) 组织病理学 

分 类 号：S858.31[农业科学—临床兽医学]