连作棉田间作洋葱、孜然对棉花光合特性及根系生长的影响  

Effects of continuous cropping cotton intercropping onion and cumin on photosynthetic characteristics and root growth of cotton

作　　者：马怡茹 魏飞[1] 马子豪 王超凡 孙新展 刘建国[1] MA Yi-ru;WEI Fei;MA Zi-hao;WANG Chao-fan;SUN Xin-zhan;LIU Jian-guo(Shihezi University/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Group,Shihezi,832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2019年第6期792-797,共6页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目（31560375）~~

摘　　要：为探讨棉花间作模式调节农田生态环境、缓解棉花连作障碍的作用,以棉花连作30年土壤为对象,设置棉花间作洋葱、间作孜然处理,研究两种间作模式对棉花地上部光合特性、根系生长发育及土壤酚酸类化感物质含量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,间作洋葱和间作孜然处理的棉花根长、根质量、比表面积分别增加54.5%、45.7%、16.3%和22.8%、15.7%、4.9%,初花期叶绿素含量、净光合速率比对照分别增加12.7%、12.2%和20.7%、7.2%。间作洋葱、孜然处理棉花根际土壤中3种主要酚酸类化感物质总量分别降低67.9%和57.8%,与单作相比差异显著。研究表明,长期连作棉田间作洋葱、孜然降低了棉田土壤中化感物质含量,改良土壤环境,促进棉花根系生长发育,提高棉花叶片光合能力及生物量,并且间作洋葱对连作棉花生长发育的调节效果优于间作孜然,可作为缓解棉花连作障碍的种植方式。Because of the problems associated with continuous cotton cropping in the Xinjiang cotton area, this study was conducted to alter the farmland ecological environment through cotton field intercropping and to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles which are important measures needed to reform the farming system. Soils subjected to cotton continuous cropping for 30 years were evaluated. Two treatments,onion and cumin, were used for cotton intercropping, and their effects on the growth, development, and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton shoots and content of phenolic acid allelochemicals in the soil were evaluated. The results showed that compared with the control, the root length, root mass, and specific surface area of intercropped onion and cumin treatment were increased by 54.5%, 45.7%, 16.3% and 22.8%, 15.7%, 4.9%, respectively;The chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate at initial flowering stage increased by 12.7%,12.2%, and 20.7%, 7.2%, respectively, compared with the control. The total levels of the three main phenolic allelochemicals in the rhizosphere soil of intercropped onion and cumin were reduced significantly by 67.9% and 57.8%, respectively, compared with the control.Therefore, long-term continuous cropping of cotton with onion and cumin reduced allelochemicals in cotton field soil, improved the soil environment, promoted the growth and development of cotton roots, and improved the photosynthetic capacity and biomass of cotton leaves.Additionally, the effect of cotton intercropping with onions on the growth and development of continuously cropped cotton was better than that of cotton intercropping with cumin, and thus could alleviate the continuous cropping barrier of cotton.

关 键 词：间作 连作障碍 化感物质 光合特性 根系生长 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]