不同施肥处理对黄瓜生长及产量的影响  

Effects of different fertilizer treatments on growth and yield of cucumber

作　　者：王东升 戎茸[1] 吴旭东 刘庆叶 陈莉莉 李伟明 WANG Dongsheng;RONG Rong;WU Xudong;LIU Qingye;CHEN Lili;LIWeiming(Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science,Nanjing 210042,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization/Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京市蔬菜科学研究所,南京210042 [2]江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室·南京农业大学,南京210095

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2019年第11期37-42,共6页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室开放课题(BM201101301);南京市蔬菜科学研究所社发项目

摘　　要：为探讨生物有机肥以及化肥减施条件下不同施肥模式对黄瓜种植的影响,进行了田间试验。共设置6个处理,分别为不使用任何肥料处理(CK)、常规施肥处理(CF)、生物有机肥处理(OF)、生物有机肥+30%化肥减施处理(OFCFJ)、生物有机肥+30%化肥减施处理+氨基酸叶面肥处理(OFCFJA)和等氮肥含量的生物有机肥(OFOF)。试验结果表明,常规化肥施用量时,生物有机肥相较于普通有机肥,黄瓜株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量和产量分别提高了14.10%、16.74%、10.85%和6.92%;而在化肥减施30%时,黄瓜株高、叶绿素含量和产量分别较常规施肥处理下降了4.71%、7.74%和11.22%;肥料农学利用效率结果显示,生物有机肥较普通有机肥可以提高肥料的农学利用效率,且在化肥减施条件下喷施氨基酸肥料可以提升磷肥和钾肥的农学利用效率。聚类分析和主成分分析结果显示,化肥减施条件下施用氨基酸叶面肥,可以显著改善黄瓜的生长。综上所述,生物有机肥对黄瓜的作用效果显著高于普通有机肥,且在化肥减施30%条件下,增施氨基酸叶面肥与常规施肥对黄瓜生长指标和产量的影响类似。表明在目前常规施肥的用量前提下,可以降低30%的化肥用量,同时也可以用氨基酸叶面肥配合施用,提高肥料农学利用效率的同时增加作物产量。In order to investigate the effects of different treatments on cucumber,a field plot experiment was conducted.Six treatments were set up,including CK treatment without any fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilization treatment(CF),bio-organic fertilizer treatment(OF),bio-organic fertilizer+30%fertilizer reduction treatment(OFCFJ),bio-organic fertilizer+30%fertilizer reduction treatment+amino acid foliar fertilizer treatment(OFCFJA)and bio-organic fertilizer(OFOF).The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter,chlorophyll and yield of cucumber were respectively increased by 14.10%,16.74%,10.85%and 6.92%,with biological organic fertilizer than ordinary organic fertilizer when the conventional fertilizer applied,while the plant height,chlorophyll content and yield of cucumber were decreased by 4.71%,7.74%and 11.22%respectively when the fertilizer was reduced by 30%.Bio-organic fertilizer could improve the agronomic use efficiency of fertilizer compared than ordinary organic fertilizer,and amino acid fertilizer application could improve the agronomic use efficiency of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer under the fertilizer reducing application.Cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that application of amino acid foliar fertilizer could significantly improve the growth of cucumber.In conclusion,the effect of bio-organic fertilizer on cucumber was significant higher than that of conventional organic fertilizer in this season,and the effect of amino acid foliar fertilizer on cucumber yield and growth index were similar to those of conventional fertilizer under the condition of 30%reduction of chemical fertilizer.In conclusion,under the conventional fertilization,the amount of chemical fertilizer could be reduced by 30%.At the same time,amino acid foliar fertilizer could be applied together to increase fertilizer agronomic efficiency and crop yield.

关 键 词：黄瓜 生物有机肥 化肥减施 生长 产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]