不同气候和土壤对小米品质的影响  

Effects of Different Types of Climate and Soil on Foxtail Millet Quality

作　　者：张艾英[1] 郭二虎[1] 刁现民[2] 范惠萍[1] 李瑜辉[1] 王丽霞[1] 张莉[3] 王瑞[1] 王军[1] 郭红亮[1] 韩芳 程丽萍[1] 吴引生 ZHANG AiYing;GUO ErHu;DIAO XianMin;FAN HuiPing;LI YuHui;WANG LiXia;ZHANG Li;WANG Rui;WANG Jun;GUO HongLiang;HAN Fang;CHENG LiPing;WU YinSheng(Millet Research Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Breeding in Minor Crops,Changzhi 046011,Shanxi;Institute of Crop Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi;Yanan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yanan 716000,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院谷子研究所/特色杂粮种质资源发掘与遗传改良山西省重点实验室,山西长治046011 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [3]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801 [4]延安市农业科学研究所,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2019年第18期3218-3231,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业技术产业体系建设专项（CARS-06-13.5-A21）;山西省农业科学院生物育种工程项目（17yzgc024）;山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题（YYS1703）;山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题（YCX2019T05）

摘　　要：【目的】对不同气候条件、土壤类型上生产谷子的小米品质进行测定,探明环境条件对小米品质的影响,揭示其品质变化规律,为优质谷子合理布局提供理论支撑和技术指导。【方法】试验于2012—2017年在气候条件和土壤类型差异较大的山西沁县和山西长治2个地方进行。先将2个试验点0—60 cm以上土壤分层置换,使每个试验点同时拥有2种土壤,然后采用相同的栽培措施和管理方法种植相同的谷子品种,对两地不同土壤的养分及小米中17种氨基酸、蛋白质、脂肪、直链淀粉、维生素等营养成分和钾、铁、铜、锌等矿物质元素含量进行了测定,获得2013—2017年5年测量数据,以年际间为重复,气候为主区,土壤为主裂区,其他因素为副裂区,采用裂裂区试验统计方法进行汇总分析。【结果】不同气候条件下小米的品质有明显差异。沁县气候条件下,小米多数氨基酸(蛋氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸除外)含量、氨基酸总量、粗蛋白、VB2、钾、铜、锌含量都较高,且小米中有较高的胶稠度、较低的糊化温度和低的直链淀粉,而在长治气候条件下,小米的脂肪含量较高。不同土壤条件下,红黏土上谷子的产量显著高于褐壤土上谷子的产量,小米的品质也存在明显差异。红黏土上种植的小米中蛋氨酸、甘氨酸、胱氨酸、异亮氨酸、镁、铁、铜的含量较高,而褐壤土上种植的小米中氨基酸、蛋白质、胶稠度、直链淀粉、VB1、钙、钾、磷、钠、锌含量较高。尤其是,褐壤土上种植的小米硒含量显著高于红黏土上种植的小米,红黏土上种植的小米中脂肪含量显著高于褐壤土上种植的小米中的脂肪含量。【结论】气候、土壤因素影响小米品质、适口性及各种矿物质元素的积累。沁县气候条件有利于多数氨基酸、蛋白质和维生素的积累,该气候下生产的谷子有较低的糊化温度、较高的胶稠度�【Objective】The foxtail millet grain quality under different types of climate and soil,was determined in this study,in order to discover the main natural factors on the quality of millet,and to reveal the law in quality change,and to provide technical guidance and theoretical support for the rational distribution of high-quality millet.【Method】This experiment was carried out at Qinxian and Changzhi,which have different types of climate and soil,during 2012 to 2017.The soil samples at the depth of 0-60 cm were exchanged between two places so that each experimental site has two soil types at the same time.The same millet cultivars were sowed at this two sites with the same fertilization.The soil nutrition,seventeen kinds of amino acids,protein,fat,amylose,VB and mineral nutrients such as K,Cu and Zn in millet grain were determined.The data during 2013 to 2017 was collected and analyzed using a split split-block design with interannual data as duplicates,climate types as the main area,soil types as the main fissure area,and other factors as the secondary fissure area.【Result】There are obvious differences in millet quality under different climatic conditions.The results showed that the contents of most amino acids(except methionine,alanine and cystine),total amino acids,crude protein,VB2,K,Cu and Zn of millet grain in Qinxian were higher than in Changzhi,in contrast,the content of fat in Qinxian was lower than in Changzhi.Moreover the grain in Qinxian had higher gel consistency but lower pastification temperature and less amylose in compared with the grain in Changzhi.In addition,the yield of millet from red soil is significantly higher than that from cinnamon soil.There are obvious differences in millet quality from different types of soils.The millets harvested from red soil contained more methionine,glycine,cystine,isoleucine,magnesium,iron and copper than that from cinnamon soil.The millets harvested from cinnamon soil contained more amino acids,protein,gel consistency,starch,VB1,calcium,potassium,phos

关 键 词：气候 土壤 小米 品质 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]