不同生态条件对小米黄色素含量的影响  

Yellow Pigment Contents in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) Under Diverse Ecological Conditions

作　　者：杨延兵[1] 陈二影[1] 王润丰 秦岭[1] 尹秀波 张会迪 黎飞飞 管延安[1] YANG YanBing;CHEN ErYing;WANG RunFeng;QIN Ling;YIN XiuBo;ZHANG HuiDi;LI FeiFei;GUAN YanAn(Institute of Crop,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Featured Crop,Jinan 250100;Shandong General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension,Jinan 250100)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所/山东省特色作物工程实验室,济南250100 [2]山东省农业技术推广总站,济南250100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2019年第18期3232-3241,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队专项资金（SDAIT-15-03）;山东种业集团股份有限公司创新项目（ZYCX2016016）;山东省农业科学院创新工程（CXGC2018002）;现代农业产业技术体系专项（CARS-06）

摘　　要：【目的】谷子籽粒脱壳后为小米,小米黄色素含量是反映小米商品性的重要指标,对于小米的商品品质和营养品质都有重要的影响。解析不同生态条件下小米黄色素含量变化规律,为优质特色谷子品种选育及生产利用提供科学依据。【方法】选用华北夏谷区选育的8个优质、特色谷子新品种,于2016—2017在不同生态条件下的5个试点种植,成熟收获后,测定小米的黄色素含量,采用多因素方差分析差异显著性,并对黄色素含量和生育期气温、降水量、日照时数等因素进行相关性分析。【结果】年份、品种、地点×年份、品种×年份、地点×品种×年份对黄色素含量影响极显著(P<0.01),地点、地点×品种对黄色素含量影响显著(P<0.05);其中,品种、地点、品种×地点互作对黄色素含量变异贡献率较大,分别为57.12%、27.57%和6.12%。黄色素平均含量2017年显著高于2016年。济南、德州、济宁试点小米黄色素含量2年的结果均显著高于泰安和临沂黄色素含量。5个试点8个谷子品种2年的黄色素平均含量为23.42 mg·kg^-1,变幅为18.56—26.14 mg·kg^-1,中谷2号最高,济绿谷1号最低;中谷2号、济糯谷2号、济谷21、济谷19黄色素含量差异不显著,但显著高于豫谷18、济谷22、济谷20、济绿谷1号的黄色素含量。黄色素含量和6月苗期气温、9月灌浆中后期平均气温、生育期平均气温极显著正相关(r=0.908,P<0.01;r=0.798,P<0.01;r=0.808,P<0.01);和9月灌浆中后期的日照时数、生育期日照总时数极显著正相关(r=0.771,P<0.01;r=0.769,P<0.01)。【结论】不同年份、地点、品种及因素互作对谷子黄色素含量有显著影响,其中,品种因素影响最大;谷子生育期平均气温、降雨量、光照时数等天气因素的变化及时空分布的差异是小米黄色素含量变化的重要原因;谷子灌浆中后期平均气温较高、光照充足有利于黄色素的积累。品种基因�【Objective】Grains of Setaria italica(L.)are known as millet after dehulling.Yellow pigment content in grains is one of the crucial factors affecting the value of commodity as well as nutritional quality of foxtail millet.Investigating variations of yellow pigment content across ecological conditions would contribute to breeding and utilization of new foxtail millet varieties featured by superior qualities.【Method】Eight newly released superior and distinctive foxtail millet cultivars from the summersowing region in North China were planted at five locations in two consecutive years(2016 and 2017).Yellow pigment contents of the foxtail millet cultivars were determined for each location.Analysis of Variance(ANOVA)was adopted to determine the significant levels of differences for yellow pigment contents of foxtail millet cultivars under ecological conditions.Correlation analysis was performed on between yellow pigment content,and air temperature,rainfall and sunshine duration.【Result】Growing years,cultivar genotypes,growing locations×growing years,cultivar genotypes×growing years,and growing years×cultivar genotypes×growing years showed highly significant effects on yellow pigment content(P<0.01).Growing locations and growing locations×cultivar genotypes showed significant influences on yellow pigment content(P<0.05).Cultivar genotypes,growing locations,and their interactions had high contribution rate(57.12%,27.57%and 6.12%,respectively)to the variation of yellow pigment content.Generally,yellow pigment contents of cultivars planted in 2017 were higher than those in 2016.In terms of growing locations,yellow pigment contents of cultivars planted at Jinan,Dezhou and Jining were significantly higher than those at Taian and Linyi both 2016 and 2017(P<0.05).Yellow pigment content of the eight cultivars was averaged at 23.42 mg·kg^-1 and ranged from 18.56 mg·kg^-1 to 26.14 mg·kg^-1.Among the cultivars,Zhonggu 2 had the highest yellow pigment content,while Jilügu 1 had the lowest.Moreover,there were no

关 键 词：小米 黄色素含量 生态条件 气温 降雨量 日照时数 

分 类 号：TS2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]