纳米加工液对金属表面的润滑与修复  

Lubrication and Repair of Metal Surface by Nano-fluid

作　　者：孙建林[1] 孟亚男 SUN Jian-lin;MENG Ya-nan(School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院

出　　处：《表面技术》2019年第11期1-14,共14页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51874036)~~

摘　　要：兼具润滑与表面修复功能的纳米粒子已开始应用于金属加工液中并受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。与传统加工液不同,将纳米粒子均匀分散到水性或油性基液中制备的纳米加工液除了具有润滑冷却、减摩抗磨作用外,其表面修复功能更加值得关注,在提高金属加工表面质量方面具有较高的应用前景。虽然纳米加工液具有诸多优势,但其分散稳定性、润滑机理及其表面修复功能仍是纳米润滑领域的研究热点问题。主要针对近年来纳米粒子的润滑机理与其表面修复作用的微观本质等一系列问题的研究与发展进行阐述。从纳米粒子的选择与分散出发,讨论了添加表面活性剂和对纳米粒子进行表面改性这两种提高纳米粒子分散稳定性的主要方法。重点论述了滚珠轴承效应、薄膜润滑机制、自修复功能和微量磨削作用这四种被广泛认同的纳米润滑机理,依据前人的研究结果,归纳这四种润滑机理的理论模型、适用情况及其相互间的配合关系。此外,从纳米粒子的润滑机理出发,探索其表面修复作用,对金属表面的物理吸附膜、化学反应膜及沉积自修复膜进行判别与比较,分析其表面修复作用的微观本质。The nanoparticles with both lubrication and surface repair properties have been tried to be used in metal working fluid and has been widely concerned by researchers all over the world. Different from the traditional working fluid, the nano-processing fluid prepared by uniformly dispersing nanoparticles into aqueous or oily base fluid not only has the functions of lubrication and cooling, friction reduction and abrasion resistance, but also its surface repair function deserves more attention and has a higher application prospect in improving the surface quality of metal processing. Nano-fluid has so many superiorities in metal processing, but the dispersion stability, lubrication mechanism and surface repair function are still hot issues in the field of nano-lubrication. The work aims to introduce the research and development of the lubrication mechanisms and micro-mechanism of nanoparticles after the surface repair properties for the past few years. From the selection and dispersion of nanoparticles, two main methods to improve the dispersion stability of nanoparticles were discussed, including surfactant addition and surface modification of nanoparticles. Four widely recognized lubrication mechanisms of nanoparticles including rolling mechanism, tribo-film mechanism, self-repairing mechanism and mechanical polishing effect were mainly discussed. The theoretical model, applicable conditions and cooperative relationship of these four lubrication mechanisms were also summarized according to previous researches. Furthermore, the repair action of nanoparticles on metal surface was present based on the lubrication mechanisms. The physisorption film, chemical reaction film and tribo-healing film were also distinguished and compared to analyze the micro-mechanism of surface repair.

关 键 词：表面修复 自修复膜 润滑机理 纳米粒子 金属加工润滑 

分 类 号：TH117.2[机械工程—机械设计及理论]