渭河陕西段鱼类群落结构组成及变化研究  

CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN THE WEIHE RIVER OF SHAANXI SECTION

作　　者：沈红保[1] 李瑞娇[1] 吕彬彬[1] 张军燕[1] 殷旭旺[2] 王益昌[1] 王忠乾 王丰[1] SHEN Hong-Bao;LI Rui-Jiao;LüBin-Bin;ZHANG Jun-Yan;YIN Xu-Wang;WANG Yi-Chang;WANG Zhong-Qian;WANG Feng(The Yellow River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Xi’an 710086,China;Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄河水产研究所,西安710086 [2]大连海洋大学,大连116023

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2019年第6期1311-1320,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家淡水水产种质资源库(2018DKA30470)资助~~

摘　　要：为了解渭河陕西段鱼类资源状况及其变化趋势,于2016-2017年分4次对渭河陕西段的鱼类资源进行了调查。研究共调查到鱼类49种,隶属于6目11科36属,优势种为短须颌须 (Gnathopogon imberbis)、拉氏大吻鱥(Rhynchocypris lagowskii)、棒花鱼(Abbottina rivularis)、■(Hemiculter leucisculus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)和鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)。与1984年调查结果比较分析发现:该河段鱼类物种减少36种,物种多样性下降明显;相似度为0.49,为中等不相似,物种组成变化明显。经Shannon-wiener指数、Pielou’s指数、Marglef指数、Jaccard’s指数和G-F指数分析发现:渭河陕西段鱼类物种组成已发生明显变化,物种多样性下降60%。通过个体生态学分析,渭河陕西段现存鱼类以喜缓流、杂食型、栖息于砾石底质类群为主,群落结构已发生改变。研究表明:该河段鱼类物种多样性下降明显,群落结构已发生明显变化,资源量明显下降;水体污染、水资源减少和生境适宜度下降是导致鱼类群落结构变化的主要原因。In order to understand the status of fish resources in Shaanxi Province of the Weihe River,we conducted a survey on fish resources in the Shaanxi section of the Weihe River in four times from 2016 to 2017.A total of 49 species of fish were investigated,which belong to 6 orders,11 families,36 genera.The dominant species were Gnathopogon imberbis,Rhynchocypris lagowskii,Abbottina rivularis,Hemiculter leucisculus,Cyprinus carpio and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix.Compared with the results of the survey in 1984,36 species of fish were reduced with a significant decrease of the variety of species.The similarity index of species composition between two investigations was 0.49,representing a medium dissimilarity.According to Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou’s index,Marglef index,Jaccard’s index and G-F index,the composition of fishes community was obviously changed in the Weihe River of Shaanxi section,and the species diversity decreased by 60%.The analysis of the individual ecology type indicated that the community structure in Weihe Shaanxi section has changed greatly,which are mainly composed of slow flow,omnivorous type,and inhabiting gravel substratum group.The results indicated that the diversity of fish species and the amount of fish resources in the river have decreased significantly,which may explain by the water pollution,decreased water resources and reduced habitat suitability.

关 键 词：渭河 鱼类组成 生物多样性 相似性指数 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]