无芒稗种子种苗形态特征及萌发特性的研究  

Studies on Morphological Characteristics and Germination Characteristics of Seeds and Seedlings of Beardless Barnyard Grass

作　　者：王增法 杜敏 王福军[3] 苏一诺 彭芳华[3] 苗阳阳 曲善民[3] Wang Zeng-fa;Du Min;Wang Fu-jun;Su Yi-nuo;Peng Fang-hua;Miao Yang-yang;Qu Shan-min(Heilongjian Grassl and Supervision Station,Qqiqihaer 161006,China;Zaozhuang Vocational College Jusahn Academy,Zaozhuang 277800,China;College of Animal Science&Veterinary Medicaine,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市草原监理站,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]枣庄职业学院君山书院,山东枣庄277800 [3]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《当代畜牧》2019年第10期25-29,共5页Contemporary Animal Husbandry

基　　金：黑龙江省农垦总局草地监测项目(2041200051);黑龙江科技厅省院合作项目(YS16B12)

摘　　要：笔者以无芒稗种子为试验材料,通过精密电子天平称重、数码照相、游标卡尺测量、解剖图像、室内种子萌发等方法,研究了无芒稗种子和种苗的形态特征参数和无芒稗种子的萌发特性。结果表明,无芒稗种子为颖果,水分含量为10.689%时种子平均千粒重只有4.14 g。种子椭圆形,淡棕色,表面光滑有光泽。无芒稗种子长平均为2.92 mm,宽平均为1.85 mm。无芒稗种子萌发受光影响较强,在无光的条件下发芽率很低,在有光的条件下发芽率较高,是典型喜光种子。发芽率受温度的影响极为明显,在28℃时发芽率最高,达到75.6%,萌发特性是典型的喜温牧草种子。无芒稗种苗的初生形态是胚根胚芽均为先端尖锐的棒状伸出,胚根先于胚芽产生,胚芽由胚芽鞘包裹,经过3天后第一片剑形真叶顶破胚芽鞘外展。实生苗根为须根型,叶由叶片和叶鞘组成,叶片上的叶脉为平行叶脉。Using beardless barnyard grass seeds as experimental materials, by means of precision electronic balance weighing, digital photography, Vernier caliper measurement, anatomical image, indoor seed germination and so on, to study the morphological characteristic parameters and the germination characteristics of beardless barnyard grass seeds. The results showed that the seeds of beardless barnyard grass were caryopsis, and the average 1000-grain weight of seeds was only 4.14 g when the water content was 10.689%. Seeds elliptic, light brown, glossy surface. The average length and width of beardless barnyard grass seeds were 2.92 mm and 1.85 mm, respectively. Seed germination is affected by light, the germination rate is very low under the condition of no light, the germination rate is high under the condition of light, beardless barnyard grass is a typical light-loving seed. The germination rate was obviously affected by temperature. the germination rate was the highest at 28℃, reaching 75.6%. The germination characteristics were typical warm forage seeds. The primary morphology of beardless barnyard grass seedlings is that the radicle and germ are sharp rod-shaped protruding from the apex, the radicle is produced before the germ, and the germ is wrapped by the coleoptile, and after 3 days, the first sword-shaped true leaf is broken and the coleoptile spreads out. The roots of the seedlings are fibrous root type, the leaves are composed of leaves and leaf sheaths, and the veins on the leaves are parallel veins.

关 键 词：无芒稗 种子 种苗 萌发 特征特性 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]