2001—2016年中国苎麻生产格局变化与产量差研究  

Distribution and Yield Gap of Ramie Production in China During 2001-2016

作　　者：陈继康[1] 熊和平[1] Chen Jikang;Xiong Heping(Institute of Bast Fiber Crops,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410205,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院麻类研究所

出　　处：《农学学报》2019年第10期6-12,共7页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“国家麻类产业技术体系”(CARS-16);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费项目“水分调控对饲用苎麻氮素利用的影响研究”(1610242016027)

摘　　要：根据国家统计数据和国家麻类产业技术体系对40个主产县的调研数据,研究2001-2016年中国苎麻种植分布、产量分布和单产变化,比较产量差,并分析驱动因素,以期为应对苎麻产量不足和消减产量差提供依据。结果表明,2001-2016年中国苎麻生产面积下降、布局优化,苎麻生产由长江中游区域向上游区域转移、由平原湖区向丘陵山地转移;单产提高、产量差加大,苎麻单产提升依赖人工和农资投入的问题依然严重。消除农田实际产量与潜在农田产量之间的产量差,可提升全国苎麻产量29.1%;区域发展模式各具特色,政策仍为重要驱动力。为推动苎麻产业可持续发展,笔者建议促进多用途产业发展应对苎麻种植面积下降,着力研发和实施轻简化种植技术消除产量差,将大幅度减少人工与农资投入作为苎麻种植技术研发的重点方向。To improve ramie production and narrow its yield gap, data from national statistics and 40 counties surveyed by China Agriculture Research System for Bast and Leaf Fiber Crops were studied. After reviewing the changes in production distribution and yield dynamics, yield gap and its driving factors were analyzed. The results showed that:(1) during 2001-2016, the planting area of ramie decreased but the production distribution was optimized, the ramie production region shifted from the middle reaches to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and shifted from plain-lake area to mountain area;(2) besides improving ramie yield per unit area, the gap between actual farm yield and potential farm yield was widening, still, the ways of improving yield was depended on labor and production means, narrowing the yield gap would increase the total output by 29.1% at current planting area;(3) the development modes varied in different regions, and policies were important driving force of the industry. For a sustainable development of ramie production, we suggest that: industry of multi-use ramie should be enhanced in response to the decreasing planting area;planting techniques should be simplified for narrowing yield gap;reducing labor and material input should be critical aspects for developing farming skills in the future.

关 键 词：苎麻 生产格局 产量差 产业驱动 

分 类 号：S563.1[农业科学—作物学]