番红花子球茎膨大过程中主要营养物质和植物激素的动态变化  

Study on replacement corm enlargement of Crocus sativus and the dynamic changes in major nutriments and phytohormones during the vegetative development

作　　者：王桢 周琳[1] 杨贞 张永春[1] 蔡友铭[1] WANG Zhen;ZHOU Lin;YANG Zhen;ZHANG Yong-Chun;CAI You-Ming(Forest&Fruit Tree Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2019年第9期1306-1314,共9页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：上海市农业科技成果转化项目[沪农科转字(2016)第2-4号];上海市农委产业体系建设专项[沪农科产字(2019)第8号]~~

摘　　要：为指导番红花子球茎采收时间和制定合理的田间管理措施,以500个单球重16~20 g的番红花球茎为材料,开展子球茎顶芽的形态学观测,并测定了子球茎中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、淀粉等营养物质和IAA、ZR等植物激素的动态变化。结果表明:从12月至次年5月,在营养生长阶段的24周内,新形成子球茎顶芽的茎尖分生组织一直保持营养生长状态,呈半球形,生长锥宽度大于高度。同时, 1月至4月上旬是番红花子球茎营养物质变化最明显的阶段,是球茎物质积累的关键时期。1月下旬至3月下旬子球茎直径、周径和重量均加速增加, 3月下旬开始,叶尖开始枯萎,子球茎直径变化不明显,但是重量持续增加。球茎中淀粉、可溶性蛋白含量整体呈现逐渐增加的趋势,与子球茎加速膨大时期相一致。球茎中植物激素IAA呈现逐渐降低的趋势, ZR呈现先降低后升高的趋势, ZR/IAA比值逐渐升高,且与淀粉含量积累趋势相同。In order to guide the harvesting time of Crocus sativus corms and formulate proper field management, 500 mother corms with 16 to 20 g for each were taken as the materials to observe the morphological changes of apical buds as well as the dynamic changes of the nutrients, such as soluble sugars, proteins and starch, and the phytohormones such as IAA and ZR. The results showed that, within 24 weeks of the vegetative growth from December to May, the apical buds maintained a vegetative growth status which was in hemispheric shape and with a longer width of the growth cone than height. At the same time, the period from January to the first ten-day of April is the most obvious stage for the nutriments changes of C. saticus corms, namely the key period for the nutriments accumulation. And the period from the last ten-day of January to the last ten-day of March is a time for speeding growth of its diameter, circumference and weight. Since the last ten-day of March, the leaves began to wilt and the diameter changed insignificantly while the weight increased continuously. A gradually increasing trend has been shown in the contents of the starch and soluble protein in the corms, consistent to that of the speeding expansion period. Meanwhile, inside the corms, the content of phytohormone IAA decreased constantly while the ZR content reduced firstly and increased then after, but the ratio of ZR/IAA increased constantly. In addition, the starch content and the ratio(ZR/IAA) showed a general increasing trend during the whole development process of corms.

关 键 词：番红花 营养生长 显微结构 营养物质 植物激素 

分 类 号：S68[农业科学—观赏园艺]