大兴安岭地区森林内外主要气象因子对比研究  

Comparison of Main Meteorological Factors Inside and Outside Forests in Great Xing’an Mountains

作　　者：王晓红 黄艳[1,2] 于宏影 杨兰[1] 韦睿 张吉利[1,2] WANG Xiao-hong;HUANG Yan;YU Hong-ying;YANG Lan;WEI Rui;ZHANG Ji-li(Harbin Research Institute of Forestry Machinery,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Harbin 150086,China;Research Center of Cold Temperate Forestry,CAF,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局哈尔滨林业机械研究所,哈尔滨150086 [2]中国林业科学研究院寒温带林业研究中心,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《温带林业研究》2019年第3期58-62,共5页Journal of Temperate Forestry Research

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2017MA026)

摘　　要：【目的】气象要素的分析可以揭示森林内小气候的动态变化规律,是森林生态系统定位观测研究的主要内容之一。通过对大兴安岭地区森林内部和森林外部主要气象因子进行系统地比较分析和研究,揭示大兴安岭地区森林与气象因子之间的相互作用关系。【方法】采用林外对照区与大兴安岭林内定位观测的实验方法,以大兴安岭地区森林连续3年气象观测数据为基础,采用对森林内外气象因子定位观测的实验方法,对大气温度、相对湿度、降水量和风速风向等气象因子进行对比研究,并分析其差异特征。【结果】研究结果表明:(1)大兴安岭地区5-10月间,林外平均气温、平均最高气温大于林内气温。只有5月的平均最低气温林外高于林内,6-10月,林内平均最低气温高于林外平均最低气温;(2)6月到8月间,林内外相对湿度差较大,最高出现在6月,5月、9月和10月相对湿度差较小,由于地理位置的特殊性,大兴安岭地区9月以后树木开始掉叶,减少蒸腾作用,保持树木的水分,抵抗寒冷的气候,所以9月后相对湿度差值逐渐减小,10月森林内外相对湿度值接近;(3)四个月森林内外降水量相近,分别是5月、6月、9月和10月,7月和8月森林外降水量观测值大于林内的,而且7、8两个月林外降水量较大;(4)5月平均风速最大,8月平均风速最小。【结论】森林内外温湿度出现差异的主要原因是由于林冠对太阳辐射的吸收和对地面长波辐射的发射作用导致的,茂密的林冠层也阻挡林内外空气交换,降低林内风速,使林内林木及其他森林植物蒸腾和林地蒸发等产生的水汽在林内保持较多,导致林内的空气湿度高于林外。由于地理位置的特殊性,大兴安岭地区森林到了9月份大部分树木开始落叶,林冠对林内降水的截留作用减小,导致林内外降水量差值逐渐减小。【Objective】The analysis of meteorological elements can reveal the dynamic change rules of microclimate in the forest,which is one of the main contents of forest ecosystem positioning observation research. This article reveals the interaction relationship between forest area and the meteorological factors in the Great Xing’an mountains through systematically comparative analysis and research of the main meteorological factors inside and outside the forest.【Method】This paper used outside forest control area and the Great Xing’an mountain forest positioning observation experiment method,based on the 3-year continuous meteorological observation data of forest in the Great Xing’an Mountains, used positioning observation method for meteorological factors in and outside forest, to compare meteorological factors such as atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind velocity and direction, and so on, and analyze their differences.【Result】The results showed that:(1)from May to October,the average temperature and the average maximum temperature outside the forest was higher than that in the forest. Only the average minimum temperature in May is higher than that in the forest,from June to October,the average minimum temperature in the forest is higher than that outside the forest;(2)from June to August,the relative humidity difference between the inside and outside of the forest is large,and the highest appeared in June,relative humidity difference is small in May,September and October. Due to the special geographical location, trees in the Great Xing’an mountains began to drop leaves after September, reducing transpiration, maintaining the moisture of the trees to resist the cold climate. Therefore, the relative humidity difference gradually decreases after September,and the relative humidity value inside and outside forest in October is close;(3)The precipitation in and out of the forest was similar in four months, which were in May, June, September and October. The precipitation outsi

关 键 词：大兴安岭地区 温度 相对湿度 降水量 

分 类 号：S781[农业科学—木材科学与技术]