传统刑律中的死刑限制及其技术策略——以《唐律疏议》中的“至死”为中心的考察  

The Limitation of Death Penalty in Traditional Criminal Law and Relevant Technical Strategy——An Investigation Centered on “zhi si” in The Law of Tang Dynasty

作　　者：刘晓林 Liu Xiaolin

机构地区：[1]吉林大学理论法学研究中心/法学院

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第6期94-104,共11页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：吉林大学廉政建设专项研究课题“唐代的官吏犯赃及其刑法规制(2017LZY010);霍英东教育基金会资助项目“唐律立法语言、立法技术及法典体例研究”(161084)

摘　　要：传统刑律在技术层面直接表现出对死刑适用的限制。作为立法语言的“至死”即出现于律典或法律规范中的直接表述,其基本含义沿袭了汉代之后正史文献中常见的“罪至死”“法至死”等内容,但表述形式、用法与功能则与法典体例、刑罚结构及刑等累加计算标准直接相关。《唐律疏议》中“至死”的分布呈现出明显的特征,既表现出各篇内容的差异,又表现出唐律对魏晋律典中特定立法技术的沿袭;律内通过“以某罪论”“以某罪罪之”“与某罪同”“反坐”“依首从法”等技术性手段定罪量刑时,若出现死刑适用则通过“至死减一等”“至死加役流”予以限制,但仍有极少“至死仍需处死”与“本条虽不至死并处死”的例外条款。律设“至死”表达着特定意图,立法者通过技术手段欲达到死刑限制的有效性与罪刑均衡相协调,而限制死刑的内在要求与统治者据以控制司法官员的技术策略相一致。The traditional criminal law directly restricts the application of the death penalty at the technical level.The phrase“zhi si”as the legislative language appears in the legal code or legal norms.Its basic meaning follows the common contents in the official history literature after the Han Dynasty such as“zui zhi si”and“fa zhi si”.However,the form,usage and function of expression are directly related to the cumulative calculation standards,penalty structure and punishment.The distribution of“zhi si”in The Law of Tang Dynasty shows obvious characteristics.It not only shows the differences in the contents of each chapter,but also shows the Tang law s inheritance of specific legislative techniques in legal works of the Wei-Jin period.If the death penalty was applied,it was restricted by“zhi si jian yi deng”and“zhi si jia yi liu”,but there were still very few exceptions to the death penalty.The“zhi si”stipulated in the code expresses a specific intention.Legislators hope that the effectiveness of the death penalty restrictions will be harmonized with the balance of crimes and penalties through technical means,and the requirements of limiting the death penalty are consistent with the rulers strategy of controlling judicial officials.

关 键 词：死刑限制 立法技术 立法意图 唐律疏议 至死 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]