代际视角下农村子女赡养行为的性别差异研究  

Gender Differences in Adult Children’s Support for Parents in Rural China:An Intergenerational Perspective

作　　者：张驰[1] 向晶[2] 施海波 吕开宇[1] Zhang Chi;Xiang Jing;Shi Haibo;Lv Kaiyu

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所 [2]中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2019年第6期91-108,共18页China Rural Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“精准扶贫战略实施的动态监测与成效评价研究”（项目编号：16ZDA021）;国家社会科学基金青年项目“未来劳动力供求总量及结构变化趋势研究”（项目编号：14CJY014）;中国农业科学院科技创新工程（项目编号：ASTIP-IAED-2019-03）的资助

摘　　要：本文使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2016年数据,基于代际差异视角,考察农村家庭子女赡养行为的性别差异,并系统探讨具体的影响机制。研究发现,农村地区整体上仍存在"养儿防老"的传统养老模式,但这种传统模式在新生代子女中开始有所改变,即无论是从经济支持,还是从生活照料这两方面来看,女儿和儿子之间的行为差异大幅度缩小,且差异已不显著。这意味着,农村地区以儿子为核心的家庭养老模式虽未彻底改变,但也已经发生了明显变化。通过剖析影响农村家庭子女赡养行为的机制发现,女性地位提升和家庭子女数量减少促使女儿提供了更多养老支持。同时,传统性别观念弱化也对女儿养老有进一步的促进作用。此外,农村老年父母对照料需求的增加以及女性家庭照料上的角色优势,显著地增加了女儿的生活照料作用,但在提高经济支持上的作用并不明显。Based on the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) data in 2016,this article analyzes the gender differences in the support behavior of rural families’ children from the perspective of intergenerational differences,and discusses the specific impact mechanism.The results show that,as a whole,there still remains a traditional pension mode of "raising sons to provide for old age" in rural areas.But this traditional mode begins to change among the new generation of children.The differences in financial support and care between daughters and sons have been greatly reduced,and the differences are no longer significant.This means that although the family pension mode with sons as the core in rural areas has not been completely changed,it has undergone significant change.By analyzing the behavior mechanism,the study further finds that the improvement of women’s status and the decrease in the number of children in the family promote adult daughters to provide more support for their parents.Meanwhile,the weakening of the traditional gender concept also has a role in pushing daughters to support for their parents.In addition,the increase in rural elderly parents’ demand for care and the female advantage in emotion and care increase the role of daughters’ care,but the role in improving financial support is not obvious.

关 键 词：农村家庭 子女赡养行为 性别差异 代际差异 父系家庭制度 

分 类 号：F328[经济管理—产业经济]