确定信念与知识确定性:关于经验证实本质的历史现象学建构  

Certain Belief and the Certainty of Knowledge:A Historical Phenomenological Interpretation of the Essence of Empirical Verification

作　　者：卓立[1] Zhuo Li

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学哲学系

出　　处：《社会科学》2019年第11期128-137,共10页Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：经验证实通常被视为真命题的根基,近代哲学由此开启了将文本化的普遍知识真理还原为在世的经验知识的基础主义路线。但经验活动是在世的"活生生的当下",与文本化的知识真理是异质的。基础主义的还原路线决定了打通二者的努力最终是向当下的实存还原,从而瓦解了知识确定性。逻辑实证主义可证实原则失败的关键在于,关于实存的单称陈述不可能被证实,确定信念通往知识确定性的通道并不是归纳逻辑,而是实存命题。只有将一个主观的证实陈述整体转译形成实存命题,才可能让其超出相对化的周围世界的证实语境,成为一种作为过去现成的确定证实语句。经验证实根本上不是基于当下经验与命题的相符,而是一种历史文本校对活动。当这种历史文本校对活动面向文本世界的无限性敞开时,便指向了"真"和"命题"。这种作为过去现成的确定证实语句便是史料证据,就此而言,实证历史学可以成为人类世界信念和知识确定性的根基。Empirical verification is usually regarded as the foundation of true propositions. The experiences is basically a living, which is absolutely different from textual truth of knowledge. Only by translating a subjective statement of verification as a whole to form the proposition of existence can it go beyond the context of verification in the relative world and become a ready-made statement of verification in the past.Empirical is not based on the coincidence of current experience and proposition, but is a kind of historical text proofreading activity. When this historical text proofreading activity is open to the infinity of the text world, it points to "truth" and "proposition".This kind of verification sentence, which is ready-made in the past, is historical evidence. In this regard, it is positive historiography that forms the foundation of the certainty of belief and knowledge in the human world.

关 键 词：确定信念 确定性 实存命题 生活世界 单称陈述 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]