特朗普政府对中美经贸关系的重构——基于经济民粹主义和经济民族主义视角的考察  

The Reconstruction of China-U.S. Economic and Trade Relations from the Perspective of Trump’s Economic Populism and Nationalism

作　　者：罗振兴[1] Luo Zhenxing

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所经济室

出　　处：《美国研究》2019年第5期76-102,7,共27页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：中美建交以来,美国历届政府都力图将中国纳入美国主导的以规则为基础的世界贸易体系,特朗普政府则偏离了这一传统,其对华贸易政策发生了根本性的转向,转向了以权力为基础的双边博弈体系。特朗普执政以来,其重构中美贸易关系的构想正在逐步转化为政策,大规模对华贸易战等诸多极端贸易政策也付诸了实施。特朗普政府运用"安全化"这一过程,将极端的经济主张转化为国家安全问题,从而在政府内部达成最大程度的共识,由此将其看似不合经济逻辑的激进主张转化为合法的、可执行的政策。特朗普政府重构中美经贸关系动力源自经济民粹主义和经济民族主义,二者短期内不会沉寂,意味中美经贸摩擦将呈现出常态化、复杂化和长期化的特点,但短期内很难实现其公平、对等和平衡的双边贸易关系之理想。The U.S.trade policy toward China in the Trump Administration is turning to focus on the power-based bilateral competition,which is fundamentally deviating from the tradition of trying to integrate China into the rule-based but American-dominated multilateral trade system since the reestablishment of China and America’s normal foreign relations.By emphasizing"economic sovereignty"and"economic security is national security,"Trump’s administration can turn many of Trump’s populist economic issues into national security issues,which is known as"securitization"process that can help to transfer them into legitimate and enforceable policies.Trump’s economic populism and nationalism are the fundamental ideological forces that drive the Trump Administration to reform China-U.S.economic and trade relations.Trump’s economic populism and nationalism can survive much longer than Trump’s presidency,which means China-U.S.economic and trade friction will last for a very long term and become more frequent and complicated but it is very difficult to achieve Trump’s aims of reforming China-U.S.economic and trade relations to make them fair,reciprocal,and balanced in the short term.

关 键 词：美国经济 中美经贸关系 重构 特朗普 经济民粹主义 经济民族主义 贸易摩擦 

分 类 号：F75[经济管理—国际贸易]