聚脲甲醛(MU)缓释氮肥对玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Slow-release Poly Urea Formaldehyde(MU) Fertilizer on Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

作　　者：范立春 孙磊[1] 王丽华 姬景红[1] 高中超[1] 刘双全[1] 王爽[1] FAN Li-chun;SUN Lei;WANG Li-hua;JI Jing-hong;GAO Zhong-chao;LIU Shuang-quan;WANG Shuang(Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resource Institute of Heilongjiang Agricultural Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Heilongjiang Beifeng Hengtai Agricultural Development Limited Company,Harbin 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江倍丰恒泰农业发展有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2019年第11期39-44,共6页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201803);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划重大项目(GA17B001)

摘　　要：为减少氮肥施用量,明确玉米施用聚脲甲醛缓释肥的最佳施肥配方。本研究以鑫鑫1号为材料,以聚脲甲醛的氮利用率相当于普通尿素的1.3、1.6、1.9倍,设置常规施肥、不施氮肥和几种不同聚脲甲醛施用量处理,研究聚脲甲醛对玉米产量、氮肥利用率及土壤氮素含量的影响。结果表明:MU50、MU70对玉米土壤全氮、碱解氮含量无显著影响。处理2(1.3倍利用率75%MU50+25%PU)、处理3(1.3倍利用率50%MU50+50%PU)的氮肥利用率高于常规施肥,其他各处理氮肥利用率均不同程度低于常规施肥。相同施肥量情况下,施用MU50氮肥利用率高于MU70。减施氮肥较常规施肥降低穗粗、百粒重,增加秃尖长度,产量降低,其中处理2、处理12(1.3倍利用率75%MU70+25%PU)与常规施肥产量差异不显著。相同施肥量情况下,施用MU50产量高于MU70。综上,处理2(1.3倍利用率75%MU50+25%PU)在保证产量不降低的同时,氮肥利用率较高,具有节肥增效的潜力。In order to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer,to define the optimum formula of slow-release polyurea formaldehyde fertilizer for maize.Xinxin No.1 was used as material.The nitrogen utilization rate of polyurea-based formaldehyde was 1.3,1.6 and 1.9 times that of common urea.The effects of conventional fertilization,no nitrogen fertilization and several different application rates of polyurea-based formaldehyde on maize yield,nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen content were studied.The results showed that MU50 and MU70 had no significant effect on the content of total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in Maize soil.Nitrogen use efficiency of treatment 2(1.3 times utilization rate 75%MU50+25%PU)and treatment 3(1.3 times utilization rate 50%MU50+50%PU)was higher than conventional fertilization,and nitrogen use efficiency of other treatments was lower than conventional fertilization in varying degrees.Under the same amount of fertilizer,the nitrogen use efficiency of MU50 was higher than MU70.Compared with conventional fertilization,reduced nitrogen fertilizer reduced ear diameter,100-grain weight,increased bald tip length,and reduced yield.There was no significant difference between treatment 2,treatment 12(1.3 times utilization rate 75%MU50+25%PU)and conventional fertilization.Under the same amount of fertilizer,the yield of MU50 was higher than MU70.In conclusion,Nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of treatment 2(1.3 times utilization rate 75%MU50+25%PU)was higher while ensuring yield.treatment 2 had the potential of saving fertilizer and increasing efficiency.

关 键 词：玉米 聚脲甲醛 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]