黑龙江省玉米低温冷害致灾机理及防御措施  

Disaster Mechanism and Prevention Measures of Maize Chilling Damage in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：孙磊[1] 王丽华 高中超[1] 刘卜鸣 佟玉欣[1] 张磊[1] 王爽[1] 常本超[1] SUN Lei;WANG Li-hua;GAO Zhong-chao;LIU Bu-ming;TONG Yu-xin;ZHANG Lei;WANG Shuang;CHANG Ben-chao(Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resource Institute of Heilongjiang Agricultural Academy of Sciences,the Key Lab of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所/黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2019年第11期148-153,共6页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300405);黑龙江省应用科技研究与开发计划(GA17B001);中央引导地方科技专项(ZY17C07)

摘　　要：黑龙江省是农业大省,是主要的玉米产地。我国北方热量资源少,气候变异性大,玉米极易发生低温冷害。低温冷害会破坏膜结构的完整性、导致叶绿体形态明显变化、生殖器官和功能异常、蛋白质不可逆分解加强、产生有害物质等,影响玉米生长发育,使灌浆推迟、灌浆速率下降,造成减产。本文从低温冷害的判别指标、危害、范围、致害机理、预防及改善措施等几方面进行了探讨,并提出了展望,旨在为今后低温冷害防治的发展提供参考。Heilongjiang Province is a large agricultural province and the main corn producing area.In the north of China,there are few heat resources and great climate variability,so maize is easy to suffer from low temperature and cold damage.Chilling damage at low temperature will destroy the integrity of membrane structure,cause obvious changes in chloroplast morphology,abnormal reproductive organs and functions,strengthen the irreversible decomposition of protein,produce harmful substances and so on,affect the growth and development of maize,delay the filling,reduce the filling rate,and reduce the yield.In this paper,the discrimination index,harm,scope,damage mechanism,prevention and improvement measures of low-temperature cold damage were discussed,and the prospect was put forward in order to provide reference for the development of low-temperature cold damage prevention and control in the future.

关 键 词：玉米 低温冷害 防御措施 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]