象似性与任意性非对称性否定问题理论探究  

Theoretical Explorationon the Asymmetric Negation Between Iconicity and Arbitrariness

作　　者：丁新峰[1] 吕明臣[1] DING Xin-feng;LYU Ming-chen(College of Humanities,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院

出　　处：《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第6期644-650,共7页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(19BYY012)

摘　　要：国内学界倾向于将象似性与任意性看做是一对相互矛盾的概念,但学界对象似性的理解并不统一,致使问题讨论不能集中。将传统象似性进行二元切分,切分为映照性的象似性和理据性的象似性,相应地,把任意性设定为非必然性映射关系,那么,象似性和任意性就是一对矛盾关系,肯定象似性就直接否定了任意性。根据对理据性的界定,理据性不是象似性的下位范畴,而是任意性的下位范畴。语言事实不能支持能指和所指之间存在严格的象似关系。因此,能指和所指关系是任意的。同时,语言证据证明理据性在能指和所指关系之间大量存在,但理据性是以任意性为逻辑前提的。因而,理据性证据非但不能推翻任意性,反而证明了任意性是合理的。Up to now,most linguistic scholars tend to take iconicity and arbitrariness as a pair of concepts which are contradictory to each other.However,an agreement on the understanding of iconicity has not been reached.It is theoretically constructive to explore the nature of asymmetric negation by making a binary segmentation to the traditional iconicity which may be cut into mapping iconicity and motivational iconicity.Correspondingly,arbitrariness means a non-necessary mapping relationship.That mapping iconicity constitutes the contradictory concept to arbitrariness,once approved,will directly negate the arbitrariness,but the language facts don’t sustain this decisive relationship between the signifier and the signified.Meanwhile,motivation is not a subordinate category of iconicity,but a subordinate category of arbitrariness.Despite the language evidence proving that motivation could be found between the signifier and the signified,the motivational iconicity’s existence is premised on the existence of arbitrariness.And it is a choice under the principle of arbitrariness.Therefore,instead of disproving arbitrariness,motivational evidence proves the rationality of arbitrariness.

关 键 词：象似性 任意性 理据性 非对称性否定 

分 类 号：H0-06[语言文字—语言学]