高温与寡照阴雨复合灾害性天气对沿江平原晚稻生产的影响与启示  

Effect and enlightenment of high temperature and oligarine rainy composite catastrophic weather on late rice production in plain region along the Yangtze river

作　　者：吴晨阳[1] 周兵[1] 吕和平[1] 吴小文[1] 潘志军[1] 宫传英 张晓红[1] 尹玲[1] 何海兵[3] WU Chen-yang;ZHOU Bing;LYU He-ping;WU Xiao-wen;PAN Zhi-jun;GONG Chuan-ying;ZHANG Xiao-hong;YIN Lin;HE Hai-bing(Lujiang Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Hefei 231500,China;Lujiang Meteorological Bureau,Hefei 231500,China;School of Agriculture,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]庐江县农业技术推广中心,合肥231500 [2]庐江县气象局,合肥231500 [3]安徽农业大学农学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2019年第21期30-34,共5页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划粮食丰产增效科技创新重点专项(2018YFD0300904;2018YFD0300900;2017YFD0301304);农业农村部2017年绿色高产高效创建项目

摘　　要：2017年沿江平原地区晚稻生产期间出现极端高温与寡照阴雨复合影响的灾害性天气,对该区晚稻生产造成严重影响,产量大幅降低。通过对处于沿江平原典型区域的庐江县晚稻生长期间主要天气过程进行剖析,探讨气象条件、灾害性天气过程对晚稻产量及形成过程的影响。结果表明,7月12日至8月7日的持续高温天气表现出平均温度高、极端温度高和持续时间长等特点,气温“强度”和“力度”为近10年之最;8月29日至10月19日的持续寡照阴雨天气表现出寡照时间长且集中、持续阴雨时间长、雨量多等特点,寡照时间为近10年之最。复合性灾害天气不同程度地降低了晚稻群体发育质量,严重降低了各项经济性状指标,加重了主要病虫害发生,晚稻实际产量降幅达到30%左右。并对今后沿江平原晚稻生产提出了一些对策建议。During the late rice production in plain region along the Yangtze river in 2017,there was a catastrophic weather by the combination of extreme high temperature and oligophores rainy,which had a serious impact on late rice production,the yield was greatly reduced.By analyzing the main weather processes during the growth of late rice in Lujiang county,a typical area of plain region along the Yangtze river,the effects of meteorological conditionsand catastrophic weather processes on the yield and formation of late rice were discussed.The results indicated that the continuous high temperature weather from July 12 to August 7 showed the characteristics of high average temperature,high extreme temperature and long duration,and the"strength"and"force"of temperature were the highest in the past ten years.The continuous oligarine rainy weather from August 29 to October 19 showed the characteristics of many days of widowhood and concentration,long duration of rain and heavy rainfall,the number of days of oligophores was the highest in the past decade.The combined catastrophic weather reduced the development quality of late rice population in different degrees,severely reduced the indicators of various economic traits,aggravated the occurrence of major pests and diseases,and the actual yield fell by 30 percent in late rice.Some countermeasures were put forward for the future production of late rice in plain region along the Yangtze river.

关 键 词：灾害性天气 晚稻 产量 影响 沿江平原 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S166