铁路监测WSN网络的非均匀优化分簇算法  

Optimization of Non-uniform Clustering in WSN for Railway Monitoring

作　　者：吕安琪 李翠然[1] 谢健骊[1] 段宝峰 LV Anqi;LI Cuiran;XIE Jianli;DUAN Baofeng(School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学电子与信息工程学院

出　　处：《铁道学报》2019年第11期72-78,共7页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61661025,61661026,61261014);兰州交通大学“百名青年优秀人才培养计划”(152022)

摘　　要：针对铁路沿线无线传感器网络(WSN)线性部署导致的"能量空洞"问题,提出一种节点非均匀优化分簇算法。在所需监测的铁路沿线等距部署WSN节点,以均衡簇头(CH)节点单位时间能耗为优化目标,对铁路直线轨道、弧线轨道监测区域内的簇成员节点进行非均匀分簇;建立CH节点能耗、CH节点数目和簇成员节点数目之间的函数关系,结合CH节点能耗波动、CH负载均衡度和CH能耗平衡度这3个性能指标,构建优化的WSN分簇部署模型;基于该模型,对比分析了本文算法、簇头固定的非均匀分簇算法、均匀分簇和组数据传输算法的性能。仿真数据表明:提出的节点优化部署模型和算法在降低及均衡CH节点能耗,延长CH节点寿命和提高网络通信效率方面性能较优。In view of the "energy hole" problem caused by the linear deployment of wireless sensor network(WSN) along the railway line, a non-uniform clustering optimization algorithm was proposed. In order to balance the unit energy consumption of cluster head(CH), the WSN nodes were equidistantly deployed along the railway, and a non-uniform clustering strategy for the cluster member nodes in the straight and arc railway track monitoring areas was adopted. The function relations among CH node energy consumption, the number of CH nodes and the number of cluster member nodes were established. Based on the performances of the CH node energy consumption variation, the CH load balancing and the CH energy balancing, an optimized clustering deployment model in WSN was constructed. Based on the model, the performances of the proposed algorithm, the non-uniform clustering strategy with fixed CHs, uniform clustering strategy and group data transmission algorithm were compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that the proposed optimal node deployment model and algorithm have better performance in reducing and balancing the energy consumption of CH nodes, prolonging the lifetime of CH nodes and improving the network communication efficiency.

关 键 词：铁路环境监测 无线传感器网络 能量空洞 非均匀分簇 能耗 

分 类 号：U285.2[交通运输工程—交通信息工程及控制]