廊坊市开发区冬季颗粒物碳组分污染特征及来源分析  

Characteristics and Source of Carbonaceous Species in Particulate Matter during Winter in Langfang City Development Zones

作　　者：张敬巧[1] 罗达通 王涵[1] 张萌[1] 凌德印 李林柱 王淑兰[1] ZHANG Jingqiao;LUO Datong;WANG Han;ZHANG Meng;LING Deyin;LI Linzhu;WANG Shulan(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Science Research Institute,Changsha 410004,China;Langfang Development Zones Environmental Protection Agency,Langfang 065001,China;Ao Lai Guo Xin(Beijing)Testing&Detection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101399,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]湖南省环境保护科学研究院,湖南长沙410004 [3]廊坊经济技术开发区环境保护局,河北廊坊065001 [4]奥来国信(北京)检测技术有限责任公司,北京101399

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2019年第11期1818-1825,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(No.DQGG0304)~~

摘　　要：廊坊市是北京市及周边传输通道“2+26”城市之一.为研究廊坊市开发区冬季颗粒物中碳组分污染特征,于2018年1月5日—2月5日在廊坊市开发区国控点位同步开展PM 2.5及PM 10样品采集,使用DRI分析OC(有机碳)与EC(元素碳)的质量浓度.结果表明:廊坊开发区冬季ρ(PM 2.5)、ρ(PM 10)分别为(54.5±46.0)(91.0±58.2)μg/m^3.PM 2.5中ρ(OC)、ρ(EC)分别为14.64、3.54μg/m^3,PM 10中分别为17.07、4.58μg/m^3;PM 2.5、PM 10中ρ(OC)与ρ(EC)相关性均较好,R^2均为0.91(P<0.01),表明二者具有相似的来源;在PM 2.5和PM 10中OC/EC〔ρ(OC)/ρ(EC),下同〕分别为4.46和4.16,ρ(SOC)(SOC为二次有机碳)分别为6.15和5.88μg/m 3,分别占ρ(OC)的42.1%和37.7%,表明二次污染较严重.碳组分丰度及主成分分析结果表明,PM 2.5与PM 10中碳组分来源基本一致,主要来源于汽车尾气、水溶性极性化合物、生物质燃烧及燃煤的混合源,柴油车排放,以及道路扬尘.后向气流轨迹聚类结果表明,颗粒物及碳组分质量浓度受途径内蒙古自治区及河北省中部、北京市南部气团的影响较大;对于碳组分来源,道路扬尘及汽车尾气受气团传输的影响较大,而生物质燃烧、燃煤等受气团传输的影响较小.研究显示,汽车尾气、燃烧源及道路扬尘为廊坊市开发区冬季碳组分的主要来源.Langfang City is an important transmission channel city of‘2+26’cities in Beijing and its surrounding.To investigate the characteristics and sources of carbonaceous species in PM 2.5 and PM 10 in Langfang City development zones,PM 2.5 and PM 10 samples were collected from January 5 th to February 5 th,2018.The organic carbon(OC)and element carbon(EC)concentrations were analyzed.The results showed thatρ(PM 2.5)and ρ(PM 10)were(54.5±46.0)and(91.0±58.2)μg/ m^3 during sample period,respectively;ρ(OC)and ρ(EC)were 14.64 and 3.54μg /m^3 in PM 2.5,and were 17.07 and 4.58μg /m^3 in PM 10,respectively.The correlation coefficients betweenρ(OC)and ρ(EC)were both 0.91 in PM 2.5 and PM 10,which indicated the similar EC and OC sources.The OC EC values were 4.46 and 4.16 in PM 2.5 and PM 10,and theρ(SOC)values were 6.15 and 5.88μg /m^3,accounting for 42.1% and 37.7% of OC in PM 2.5 and PM 10,respectively,which indicated the secondary pollution was serious.According to the percentages of eight carbon fractions and the results of PCA,vehicle exhaust biomass burning coal combustion,diesel vehicle exhaust and road dust were the three main sources of carbons both in PM 2.5 and PM 10.Moreover,based on the results of the backward trajectory model,PM and carbon concentrations were relatively high when air mass came from Central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Central Hebei Province and southern Beijing City.The results also showed road dust and vehicle exhaust were easily influenced by air mass transmission,while biomass burning and coal combustion were influenced mainly by local sources.The result showed that,motor vehicle exhaust,combustion source and road dust were the main sources of carbon in Langfang City development zones in winter.

关 键 词：颗粒物 有机碳(OC) 元素碳(EC) 二次有机碳(SOC) 来源分析 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]