临近空间科学技术的发展现状及应用前景  

Development status and application prospect of near space science and technology

作　　者：黄宛宁[1] 张晓军 李智斌[1] 王生[1] 黄旻[1] 蔡榕 HUANG Wanning;ZHANG Xiaojun;LI Zhibin;WANG Sheng;HUANG Min;CAI Rong(Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院光电研究院

出　　处：《科技导报》2019年第21期46-62,共17页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61733017);中国科学院A类战略先导科技专项(XDA17020203)

摘　　要：介绍了临近空间的特殊空间位置以及典型气象特征,梳理了国内外通过天基、地基、原位平台对临近空间进行科学探索和研究的情况,针对目前对临近空间认知不足的现状,提出应该以临近空间飞行器为主要平台对临近空间进行科学探索及应用;回顾了国内外临近空间飞行器(包括高空气球、平流层飞艇和高空太阳能长航时无人机)的技术发展及其在军用和民用市场中的应用现状,总结了亟需关注的关键问题,并提出了中国临近空间科技发展和应用的具体建议。This paper introduces the special space location and typical meteorological characteristics of the near space, combs the situation of scientific exploration and research on the near space through space-based, ground-based and in-situ platforms at home and abroad. To aim at the current situation of insufficient understanding of the near space, the paper argues that the scientific exploration and application of the near space should take the near space vehicle as the main platform, whose technological development and application status are reviewed including high-altitude balloons, stratospheric airships and solar long-range UAVs in military and civil markets. Finally the condenses some key issues that need attention and puts forward some concrete suggestions for the near space development and application of our country.

关 键 词：临近空间 浮空器 平流层通信 高空超压气球 高空飞艇 长航时无人机 

分 类 号：V27[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]