生物炭施用和灌溉模式对稻田土壤呼吸日变化的影响  

The Effects of Biochar Addition and Irrigation Mode on Diurnal Variation of Soil Respiration Rate of Paddy Fields

作　　者：孙潇 郑一丹 王鑫程 杨士红 丁洁 江赜伟 SUN Xiao;ZHENG Yi-dan;WANG Xin-cheng;YANG Shi-hong;DING Jie;JIANG Ze-wei(College of Agricultural Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业工程学院,南京210098 [2]河海大学能源与电气学院,南京210098 [3]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210098

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2019年第10期127-131,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51879076,51579070);中央高校业务费项目(2018B55814,2018B34114);大学生创新训练项目(201810294129)

摘　　要：为了揭示生物炭施用和灌溉模式对稻田土壤呼吸日变化的影响,基于田间试验,分析了不同生物炭施用量下节水灌溉(无水层灌溉)稻田土壤呼吸速率日变化特征,同时还分析了相同生物炭施用量下不同灌溉模式稻田土壤呼吸速率日变化特征。结果表明:分蘖期、拔节孕穗期、乳熟期稻田土壤呼吸速率日变化趋势均呈现多峰型特征;节水灌溉稻田土壤呼吸速率随着水稻生育期的推进表现出先增加后降低的特征。生物炭施用可以促进节水灌溉稻田土壤呼吸速率,高量生物炭的促进作用更明显。与对照相比,施用中量生物炭的节水灌溉稻田土壤呼吸速率日均值增大了2.85%~17.80%,施用高量生物炭的节水灌溉稻田土壤呼吸速率日均值增大了9.36%~30.58%。除了生物炭施用,灌溉模式对稻田土壤呼吸日变化也有一定影响。与淹灌模式相比,控灌模式促进了稻田土壤呼吸速率。控灌稻田土壤呼吸速率日均值较淹灌稻田增大了2.03%~62.61%。另外,各生育期控灌稻田土壤呼吸速率日变化幅度均大于淹灌稻田。研究结果旨在丰富水稻节水灌溉理论,同时为进一步实现稻田生态系统的固碳减排提供理论依据。In order to reveal the effects of biochar addition and irrigation mode on diurnal variation of soil respiration of paddy fields, this paper analyzes diurnal variations of soil respiration rate of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation with different biochar addition rates, and diurnal variations of soil respiration rate of paddy fields under different irrigation modes with biochar addition at a rate of 40 t/hm\+2 are also analyzed based on field experiment. The results show that the diurnal variations of soil respiration rate of paddy fields during the tillering stage, jointing-booting stage and milk stage all have several apices. With progress in rice growth, soil respiration rate of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation firstly increases and then decreases. Biochar addition increases soil respiration rate of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation, and the increasing effect of biochar addition at a rate of 40 t/hm\+2 is better than those of the other treatments. The mean values of soil respiration rate of diurnal variation with biochar addition at a rate of 20 t/hm\+2 and at a rate of 40 t/hm\+2 are 2.85%~17.80% and 9.36%~30.58% higher than that without biochar addition, respectively. Apart from biochar addition, irrigation mode is also identified as an influencing factor. Controlled irrigation (CI) increases soil respiration rate of paddy fields compared with flooded irrigation (FI). The mean value of soil respiration rate of diurnal variation for CI is 2.03%~62.61% higher than that for FI. In addition, rangeability of diurnal variations of soil respiration rate of CI paddy fields is more than that of FI paddy fields during rice growth periods. The research results can perfect the theory of water-saving irrigation for paddy fields and provide a scientific basis for increasing carbon sequestration in paddy field ecosystem.

关 键 词：生物炭 节水灌溉 稻田土壤呼吸 土壤呼吸速率 无水层灌溉 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]