哈萨克斯坦农业产业结构与区域竞争力差异及中国的合作建议  

Agricultural Industrial Structure and Regional Competitiveness Difference in Kazakhstan and China’s Cooperation Proposals

作　　者：郭辉 Guo Hui(Business College of Xinjiang Normal University,China and Pakistan Economic Corridor and South Asia Economic Research Center,Urumqi 830017,Xinjiang)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学商学院/中巴经济走廊与南亚经济研究中心

出　　处：《农业展望》2019年第10期118-126,共9页Agricultural Outlook

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目（2019D01A73)

摘　　要：近年来哈萨克斯坦将农业产业发展作为完善其经济结构多样性的优先方向,但以往中国与哈萨克斯坦的农业合作范围、规模和层次总体偏小,如何深化农业合作值得关注。以往中国国内大多数研究比较关注哈萨克斯坦产业结构单一化的问题,对于其第一产业的研究比较薄弱。因此,系统剖析了哈萨克斯坦第一产业发展情况,借助主成分分析法对其各区域农业竞争力进行综合量化评估。结果发现,哈萨克斯坦以谷物、豆类和油料等土地密集型农产品种植为主,畜牧业产量还未完全恢复到独立前的水平,农业服务领域严重滞后于生产,各区域农业竞争力差异非常明显。建议中国企业优先考虑的投资区域主要有科斯塔纳州、阿克莫拉州、突厥斯坦州、北哈萨克斯坦州、东哈萨克斯坦州和阿拉木图州;中国企业应优先考虑围绕哈萨克斯坦优质、特色的农产品原料,实施农副产品加工业投资,注重提升农产品精深加工,考虑在霍尔果斯经济开发区、阿拉山口综合保税区打造原料加工转化、现代物流、便捷营销融合发展的农业产业集群。同时,中国政府应考虑增加对哈萨克斯坦的粮食配额,从哈萨克斯坦进口小麦和大豆,增加油料作物进口,丰富中国粮食和油料进口的来源国;还应考虑进一步加大与哈萨克斯坦开展农业技术服务领域和管理经验的交流与合作。In recent years,Kazakhstan has taken the development of agricultural industry as a priority to improve its economic structure diversity,however,the scope,scale and level of agricultural cooperation between China and Kazakhstan were generally small in the past.How to deepen agricultural cooperation between China and Kazakhstan in the future is worthy of attention.In the past,most studies in China paid more attention to the problem of the simplification of Kazakhstan's industrial structure,and the research on its primary industry was relatively weak.Therefore,this thesis systematically analyzed the role of Kazakhstan's primary industry in the national economy,and used the Principal Component Analysis method to quantitatively evaluate the agricultural competitiveness of Kazakhstan's various regions.The results showed that the agricultural structure of Kazakhstan was mainly based on the cultivation of land-intensive agricultural products such as grains,beans and oilseeds,the livestock production was not yet restored to the level of production before independence,the agricultural service sector lagged behind production seriously,and the agricultural competitiveness of each region was very different.The investment areas that were recommended by Chinese enterprises were mainly Costana state,Akmola state,Turkistan state,North Kazakhstan state,East Kazakhstan state and Almaty state;the exchange and cooperation of service areas and management experience should give priority to the investment of agricultural and sideline products processing industries around Kazakhstan's high-quality and characteristic agricultural raw materials,focus on improving the intensive processing of agricultural products,and consider the construction of agricultural industry clusters with raw materials processing and transformation,modern logistics and convenient marketing integration in the Horgos Economic Development Zone and the Alashankou Comprehensive Bonded Zone.At the same time,China should consider increasing the grain quota for Kazakhstan,

关 键 词：农业 畜牧业 产业结构 区域农业竞争力 农业合作 哈萨克斯坦-2050 主成分分析法 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]