全面二孩背景下城乡生育状况比较研究——以天津市为例  

A Comparative Study of Urban and Rural Fertility Status Under the Background of Nationwide Two-Children Policy

作　　者：杨华磊 吕世辰[1] YANG Hua-lei;LV Shi-chen(School of Sociology and Law,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen,Shanxi 041004,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学社会学与法学学院

出　　处：《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》2019年第6期99-103,共5页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BSH047)

摘　　要：基于天津市的调查数据,从生育行为、生育状况满意度、二孩生育意愿、生育偏好和养育方式等方面对城乡生育状况进行比较分析,研究发现:城乡居民总体家庭结构基本一致,在男女性别比、初育年龄与二孩生育间隔方面存在差异;城乡家庭对生育现状满意度差别较明显,主要体现在城乡一孩家庭对生育现状的满意度上;农村一孩家庭相较城市有更强烈的二孩生育意愿,影响城乡二孩生育意愿的因素主要是经济社会因素,政策法规因素的影响已经减弱;城乡二孩性别偏好差异较明显,农村家庭有更强烈的男性二孩偏好;在孩子照看方式及养育孩子的支出负担程度上,城乡居民体现了趋同的倾向。针对城乡居民生育状况,应制定兼顾城乡、协调统一的生育政策。Based on the questionnaire data of Tianjin city and township, the comparative analysis method was used to analyze the fertility status of urban and rural areas from the aspects of fertility behavior, satisfaction of fertility status, fertility willingness of giving birth to two children, fertility preference and parenting style.The conclusion is as follows: the overall family structure of urban and rural residents is basically the same, but there are differences in gender ratio, age interval of first birth and second birth. There is an obvious difference in the satisfaction of urban and rural families with the current fertility status, which is mainly reflected in the satisfaction of urban and rural one-child families. The rural one-child family has a stronger feritility intention to have two children than that in the city. The factors affecting the fertility willingness of urban and rural parents are mainly reflected in economic and social aspects, while the influence of policies and regulations has been weakened.The gender preference difference between urban and rural parents for the second child is obvious, with rural families having a stronger preference for male second child. Urban and rural residents show the tendency of convergence in the way of child care and the burden of raising children. In view of the fertility status of urban and rural residents, it is necessary to formulate a coordinated and unified fertility policy that gives consideration to both urban and rural areas.

关 键 词：全面二孩 城乡生育状况 比较研究 

分 类 号：C924.25[社会学—人口学]